 Functional Anatomy

 Voluntary – Muscles over which we have conscious control (we can ‘choose’ to move them).  Involuntary – Muscles over which we have no conscious control (run without ‘us’ thinking about them

 Smooth Muscles – These are found in the internal organs such as the Liver, surface of eyes. (do not have conscious control over them)  Cardiac Muscle – This muscle can only be found in the heart, we cannot control it’s function as it is continuously working. This muscle enables blood to be pumped from the heart to the body.  Skeletal Muscles – Found in voluntary muscles eg biceps (have conscious control over them)

Muscle Belly Fibre Bundle Muscle Fibre Myofibril Sacromere

 Muscles are attached to two different bones by tendons. When the muscle contracts only one bone moves.  The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the Origin. The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the Insertion. Origin Insertion

To make a joint move in two directions, you need two muscles that can pull in opposite directions. When a muscle contracts causing a movement Also known as prime mover (main movement) Agonist As the agonist contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes and lengthens Antagonist

Other examples of muscles working together is seen to the right. Here we have the Quadriceps and Hamstring muscles flexing and extending during training to build the muscle mass.

Lifts the weight  Movement – Flexion  Agonist  Antagonist  Prime mover Lowers the weight  Agonist  Antagonist  What other role does the antagonist muscle play in the lowering of the weight?