UNIT 2 – Physical activity concepts and health outcomes

Health risks associated with inactivity There are numerous health risks associated with inactivity Inactivity costs Australia over $500 million per year What do you think Australian tax payers have to pay for? Can you list at least 5 things that could contribute to the cost?

Health risks associated with inactivity If the national average levels of physical activity were to increase by just 1% we could save 122 deaths from cardiovascular disease, late onset diabetes and colon cancer

Health risks associated with inactivity Sedentary death syndrome is a condition associated with sedentary living Sedentary death syndrome is a series of symptoms including low cardiovascular fitness, weak skeletal muscles and poor metabolic fitness (high blood sugar and fat levels, obesity and high blood pressure) Our main focus will be on hypokinetic conditions such as: type-2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and hypertension

Type 2 diabetes Type-2 diabetes is a disease that results from too much sugar in the blood which results from the body not producing or properly using insulin Remember in term 1 we learnt that insulin is produced in the pancreas and is used by the body to convert sugar into energy Low physical activity levels and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are predictors of mortality related to type-2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Mortality????? In your table groups can you discuss what you think mortality is? Please don’t use google just yet! Within your group I would like you to develop a definition of mortality Jordyn Paterson I hope you remember what definition means

Mortality

Type-2 diabetes Physical activity is extremely important in the prevention of type-2 diabetes and is commonly prescribed in the treatment of diabetes

Obesity Over the past 30 years obesity has grown into a global epidemic and is a major threat to public health What has changed over the last 30 years to make obesity such a massive problem? List 5 factors that individuals face now compared to 30 years ago that would stop them from participating in physical activity

Obesity The World Health Organization (WHO) classifications for adult overweight status are presented below A BMI of 25 or more is considered overweight and a BMI of 30 is considered obese.

Obesity There is an association between weight and physical activity as you expend more energy when you are physically active There are situations where a person’s health issues can influence weight

BMI – Body Mass Index The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure for human body shape based on an individual’s mass (weight) and height You can work out your BMI by using the following calculation: How do you stack up? Knowing this do you think you need to make some different lifestyle choices?

BMI – Body Mass Index You can also use this chart

Obesity Medical complications that are caused by obesity include pulmonary diseases, sleep apnoea, liver disease, cirrhosis, gall bladder disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, coronary heart disease, stroke, cataracts, diabetes, hypertension, cancer and gout Choose 1 of these medical conditions and write a definition of the condition

Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular diseases are the biggest killers in Australia One in five deaths is caused by physical inactivity and coronary heart disease or colon cancer High levels of physical activity are associated with a reduction in coronary heart disease risk.

Cardiovascular diseases A narrowing of the arteries due to high fat levels can result in blockage of blood to the heart and brain

Cardiovascular diseases There are many forms of cardiovascular disease

Hypertension Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure Hypertension occurs when both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values are elevated above normal levels Hypertension usually occurs more in males and is treated by regular moderate physical activity, reduced salt intake, prescribed medication and stress management strategies

Hypertension SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – the pressure in the arteries just after the heart beats when the pressure is at it’s highest, ‘working blood pressure’ DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – the pressure in the arteries just before the next heart beat when pressure is at it’s lowest, the ‘resting blood pressure’

High cholesterol levels People with high total levels of cholesterol have a higher risk of coronary heart disease Regular physical activity can reduce blood lipid profiles including total cholesterol

What is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is in the blood of humans and animals and dairy products

Taking it further Describe 3 physical benefits of participation in regular physical activity Discuss a social benefit of regular physical activity What is the association between physical activity and dementia? What is sedentary death syndrome? Describe 2 cardiovascular diseases

Review questions (page 263) Active transport is defined as: a) Bike riding for exercise b) Active travel to specific destinations c) Walking the dog d) Skateboarding with friends Leisure time physical activity is: a) Activity that is over and above that which occurs within the workplace b) Activity you engage in during recess and lunch breaks only c) Physical activity you engage in during holiday breaks only d) None of the above

Review questions (page 263) What is the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings for someone classified as stage 1 hypertension? Describe 3 health benefits of physical activity (include 1 benefit for each of physical, social and psychological benefits Identify 3 methods in which you can determine activity intensity

Physical activity If you get all of this done it is time to get active Matthew ‘Buddy’ Dettman will take you through an active session of his choice