Title - 1 Jun-16 Never does a man portray his character more vividly than when he is proclaiming the character of another…! Never does a man portray his character more vividly than when he is proclaiming the character of another…! Winston Churchill , Former British Prime Minister

Pathology An Introduction…. Dr. S.Sajjad Eghbali Assistant Professor of Pathology Bushrhr faculty of Medicine 2008

Title - 3 Jun-16 Pathology Clinical Bridging Subject Foundation

Title - 4 Jun-16 Medical Knowledge: Epidemiology – Where & When.. Etiology – What is the cause? Pathogenesis - Evolution of dis. Morphology - Structural Changes Clinical Significance – relate.. Management Prognosis Prevention Pathology

Title - 5 Jun-16 When we know “Where, Why, When & What, then we can answer the all important question How (to solve)

Title - 6 Jun-16 What is Disease? dis + ease (not at ease…) WHO def. Complete physical, mental and social well being not merely absence of disease… “Expression of discomfort due to structural or functional abnormality” What is normal ? “norm”

Title - 7 Jun-16 Disease Types: Inflammatory / Neoplastic / Degenerative Acute / Chronic –Acute – short days to weeks. –Chronic – long – months to years. Congenital / Familial / Acquired Genetic / Environmental/Multifactorial Mild / Moderate / Severe

Title - 8 Jun-16 Disease & Person: Physical / Mental Disease can cause Stress & stress causes disease. “Person is more important than disease” “Pat on the back” helps more often than medicine. – I care…!

Title - 9 Jun-16 Pathology “Scientific Study of Disease” Study of what is abnormal or wrong or disease…! Diagnosis of disease is the aim of clinical pathology Without diagnosis….treatment?…!

Title - 10 Jun-16 What is Diagnosis? The formal name(s) used to describe a patient’s disease. Based on the symptoms & Signs and the results of Pathology tests Needs Knowledge of different diseases, their characteristics. Important for management & knowing prognosis.

Title - 11 Jun-16 Pathology “Is the foundation of medical science and practice. Without pathology, the practice of medicine would be reduced to myths and folklore”

Title - 12 Jun-16 History of Pathology “animism” – Philosophies of Plato – God/devil Magic – Primitive thoughts Humors – Phlegm – excess/def – c300 Abiogenesis – Spontaneous – to c1800 Environmental – Modern - from Genetic – Molecular – from 20 th century

Title - 13 Jun-16 Past and Present….! In the past,.. people mistook magic for medicine…! Now people mistake medicine for magic….!

Title - 14 Jun-16 Scope of Pathology Clinical Pathology Experimental Pathology Molecular Pathology Forensic Pathology Chemical / Microbiology Immunopathology Genetics & Disease.

Title - 15 Jun-16 Subdivisions of Pathology: Histopathology Cytopathology Haematology Microbiology Immunology Chemical Pathology Genetic Pathology Toxicology Forensic Pathology

Title - 16 Jun-16 Learning Pathology: General Pathology –Common changes in all tissues. E.g.. Inflammation, cancer, ageing. Systemic Pathology –Specific changes in organs. E.g.. Goiter, pneumonia, breast cancer.

Title - 17 Jun-16 One agent  One disease - Malaria Several agents  One disease - Diabetes One agent  Several diseases - Smoking Disease

Title - 18 Jun-16 Etiology: What is the cause? Environmental agents: –Physical –Chemical –Nutritional –Infections –Immunological –Psychological Genetic Factors: –Age –Genes Multifactorial:Diabetes,HypertensionCancer

Title - 19 Jun-16 Causes of cell injury and disease Oxygen deprivation ( hypoxia, ischemia)Oxygen deprivation ( hypoxia, ischemia) Nutritional imbalancesNutritional imbalances Physical agentsPhysical agents Chemical agents and drugsChemical agents and drugs Infectious agentsInfectious agents Immunologic reactionsImmunologic reactions Genetic derangementsGenetic derangements

Title - 20 Jun-16 Pathogenesis: Development “Sequence of events in the response of cells & tissues to a stimulus/pathogen” starting from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of disease.” Gross and microscopic Structure, Function, Chemistry & molecular mechanisms.

Title - 21 Jun-16 Morphology: Structure Change Structural changes in disease. –Tumor in a cancer. –Ulcer in a infection. –Atrophy in dementia. Gross & Microscopic.

Title - 22 Jun-16 Clinical Significance: Patient Signs and symptoms are related to underlying pathology… –Why a malaria patient has fever? –Why not diarrhea? Prognosis of disease depends on inside pathology. What treatment is suitable for this patient? Is he going to recover or die soon?

Title - 23 Jun-16 Classification of Diseases: DevelopmentalDevelopmental – genetic, congenital. InflammatoryInflammatory – Trauma, infections, immune, etc. NeoplasticNeoplastic – tumors cancers DegenerativeDegenerative – ageing.

Title - 24 Jun-16 Pathology Summary: “Scientific Study of Disease” Scope of Pathology Subdivisions of Pathology Study of Pathology –Etiology: What causes disease?. –Pathogenesis : How does disease develop? –Morphology : Structural change in disease? –Clinical Significance: Link to clinical F?

Title - 25 Jun-16 I hear, I forget I see, I remember I do, I understand Chinese Proverb..

Title - 27 Jun-16