Peopling The Americas

Problem You are in your home land. All of a sudden a ship lands and people unlike that you have ever seen come out. What do you do? Are you welcoming? Are you scared? Are your prepared to attack?

Ancient Peoples come to the Americas Arrived 22,000 years ago Land bridge Hunting and gathering 10,000 to 5,000 years ago agriculture begins Corn, peppers, gourds, pumpkins, beans nomadic

Complex societies 3,000 years ago began 1 st empire 1200 b.c. in southern Mexico Olmec in rain forest of Gulf of Mexico Maya in Guatemala between 250 and 900 Aztec in Valley of Mexico in 1200s Inca most prominent in 1200 with 2500 miles of empire in South America

Olmec Map

Mayan Temple

Aztec Ruins

Machu Picchu

Ancient Desert Farmers Hohokam and Anasazi in North America 3000 years ago Hohokam in Arizona Anasazi in Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico

Mesa Verde

Mound Builders East of Mississippi Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian Complex societies Mounds in shape of animals

Hopewell mounds

North American Societies around 1492 “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue”

Native Americans live in diverse societies Nomadic to non migratory California-many lands Long coast, lush rain forest, desert Northwest coast-waterways, sea, Kwakiutl, Nootka and Haida collected from ocean Kwakiutl Decorated masks and had totem poles

Native Americans live in diverse societies Southwest-dry Pima and Pueblo tribes Descendents of Hohokam and Anasazi Harsh environments Built by Rio Grande Hopi developed irrigation

Native Americans live in diverse societies Eastern woodlands Iroquois built villages in forest clearings Hunting and gathering Woodworking tools from trees Rely on wild animals

Iroquois Longhouse

Native Americans share cultural patterns Trade Land use Religious beliefs Social organization

Which group do you think was most impressive? Why? Least impressive? Why?

West Africa Connects with the Wider World Sahara Highway Timbuktu hub of trading Islamic faith brought Mohammad prophet Portuguese arrive in 1470s and establish trading posts Direct trade and closer relationships Slave trades Growing sugar cane neede slaves

Three African Kingdoms Flourish Songhai ◦ Mid 1400s ◦ Rich through tax ◦ Large armies ◦ Go through Savannah Benin ◦ Niger Delta ◦ Walled city ◦ Sophisticated art Kongo ◦ Lower Zaire ◦ Iron ore ◦ Wrought tools and weapons ◦ Similar to Portuguese

West African Culture Lineage Matrilineal-through mother’s family Age controls decisions Religion important Gods Nature full of spirits Farming, herding and trading Social status and slave labor

Why does Africa stop flourishing?

European Social Order Organized by rank Monarchs and nobles at top with the wealth Peasants grew crops or were in the military Nuclear family Men did labor outside, women inside

How is the family structure of Africa, Native Americans and Europeans different and similar? Which is your family like?

Christianity Shapes the European Outlook Roman Catholic Church Crusades against Muslims Decline in church authority with Reformation

Changes Come to Europe Commerce grows New trade routes Population grows Monarchies strengthened Renaissance brings about the arts

Europe Enters a New Age of Expansion Sailing technology Compass Astrolabe Plot directions Sails to use against winds Portugal develops Prince Henry the Navigator Cartographers redrew maps

Columbus Crosses the Atlantic Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria Spanish San Salvador Taino were the natives Search for gold Went to Cuba and Hispaniola Took land Informed of religion Called natives Indians

Impact on Native Americans Colonization Establish settlements Plantation and forced labor Natives didn’t succumb Several rebellions Europeans brought diseases

Slave Trade and Impact on Europeans Slave labor Used Africans Devastate Africa Lost 12 million people Columbian Exchange Global transfer of living things National rivalries Portugal resents Spain Treaty of Tordesillas- divide western hemisphere

A New Society is Born Columbus ordered to leave when he couldn’t keep order Settlers come and bring their culture All three worlds