MASS – amount of matter in an object WEIGHT – amount gravity pulling on an object VOLUME – amount of space an object takes up MATTER – ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME (TAKES UP SPACE)

Property of Matter ToolsUnitsCalculations Mass Triple Beam Balance Grams (g) Volume Ruler Graduated Cylinder 3 Solids = cubic centimeters (cm 3 ) Liquids = milliliters (mL) Regular Solid – ruler (l x w x h) Irregular Solid – Displacement w/ graduated cylinder (new – original) Weight Spring ScaleNewtons (N)

The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Consists of only one kind of atom (PURE) Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules. Images are from

ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS IN ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS = # OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMBINED NUCLEUS = CENTER THAT HOLDS PROTONS & NEUTRONS SHELLS = LAYERS OF ENERGY THAT HOLD DIFFERENT # OF ELECTRONS

Ions - atom or molecule with the # of electrons not equal to the # of protons * Gives it a positive or negative charge * Gains (-) = negative Loses (-) = positive

ISOTOPES – DIFFERENT VERSION OF AN ELEMENT DUE TO CHANGE IN # OF NEUTRONS ELEMENT HAS A “PREFERRED” # OF PROTONS & NEUTRONS = BASIC BALANCE LIGHT ELEMENTS = SIMILAR NEUTRONS & PROTONS HEAVY ELEMENTS = MORE NEUTRONS TO HELP STICK TOGETHER TOO FEW NEUTRONS = UNSTABLE & BREAK DOWN/DECAY AND RELEASE RADIATION

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule.

Animated images and notes from Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H 2 0) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water Images are from

The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving. Images are from

Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions. Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are also mixtures. The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water. Images are from

Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing Substances will settle over time.

COMPOUNDSMIXTURES properties of atoms properties change properties unchanged separate substances cannot be easily separated can be separated by physical means homogenous or heterogeneous does not applycan be either homogenous or heterogeneous

Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from What Determines the STATE OF MATTER???? * speed, strength and attraction of the particles

SOLID – DEFINITE SHAPE & VOLUME * VERY CLOSE PARTICLES * MOVE TOGETHER FROM PLACE TO PLACE

LIQUID – DEFINITE VOLUME, NO DEFINITE SHAPE * FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK THROUGH EACH OTHER * SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER * TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

GAS – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME * MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK APART IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS * SPREADS TO TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

PLASMA – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME W/ ELECTRICAL CHARGE * BEHAVIOR DEPENDS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES * MOST MATTER IN UNIVERSE IS PLASMA IONIZED GAS

GAS BEHAVIOR – SPEED RELATES TO TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE SAME -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME DECREASE TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME SAME TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE SAME & VOLUME INCREASE

Matter MixturesHomogeneous Solution Solvent SolutionColloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances ElementMoleculeCompounds