South West Public Health Scientific Conference - 1st February 2012

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Presentation transcript:

South West Public Health Scientific Conference - 1st February 2012 ‘Happy being me’ in the UK: A controlled evaluation of a school-based body image intervention with pre-adolescent children Emma Bird University of the West of England South West Public Health Scientific Conference - 1st February 2012

Background

Negative body image in children: A Public Health concern? 40-50% 6-12 year olds report body dissatisfaction (Smolak, 2011) Risk factors for negative body image? Internalisation of cultural beauty-ideals Appearance-related conversations Appearance-related comparison Appearance-related teasing

‘Happy Being Me’ (Richardson & Paxton, 2010) Targeted known risk factors for negative body image, while also incorporating a self-esteem component Positive effects on: Overall body satisfaction Risk factors for negative body image Eating behaviours Self-esteem Intervention topic knowledge

Present study... School-based body image interventions have shown potential; however, evidence is inconclusive Focus on risk factor reduction in adolescent girls Therefore... Evaluation of an adaptation of ‘Happy Being Me’ with pre-adolescent girls and boys

Methods

Participants 88 year six children (M = 46, F = 42) recruited from two primary schools Quasi-experimental design Intervention (n = 43) Control (n = 45) Age – 10 and 11

Aims Content SESSION 1 Educate on media literacy Reduce internalisation Media manipulation techniques Appearance does not equal value Ideal-bodies over time SESSION 2 Educate on appearance-related conversation / teasing Reduce appearance-related conversation / teasing What are appearance conversations and ‘fat-talk’? What can be done to avoid engaging with that behaviour? SESSION 3 Educate on appearance-related comparison Reduce appearance-related comparison Revisit and recap the issues covered within the program Introduction to appearance comparison and negative impact Emphasis on positive qualities not related to appearance

Materials Original materials adapted for use with pre- adolescent girls and boys: 1891 1960 2000s 1964 1980 2000

Measures Pre-, post- and three month follow-up questionnaire: Demographics (BMI, age) Body satisfaction Risk factors for negative body image Eating behaviour Self-esteem Intervention topic knowledge Measures assessed for validity and reliability Likert-scale response

Results

Girls Mixed between-within MANOVA revealed a significant* positive change from baseline to post-intervention for... Body satisfaction** Appearance-related conversation Appearance-related comparison Eating behaviours Intervention topic knowledge * p < 0.05 ** maintained at three month follow-up. 3 (baseline, immediate post-intervention, follow-up) x 2 (intervention, control) ANOVA calculations

Post-intervention M (SD) Girls Measure Baseline M (SD) Post-intervention M (SD) Body satisfaction 11.60 (3.03) 13.63 (2.93)* Cultural-beauty internalisation 17.35 (5.55) 15.19 (5.21) Appearance-related conversation 12.89 (5.90) 10.19 (4.51)* Appearance-related comparison 14.33 (3.91) 11.56 (3.98)* Appearance-related teasing 45.60 (11.96) 39.11 (10.48) Restrained eating 9.25 (4.84) 8.11 (4.48)* Emotional eating 6.65 (3.25) 4.84 (2.19)* Self-esteem 2.90 (0.91) 3.33 (1.08) Intervention topic knowledge 13.75 (4.30) 16.58 (2.85)* Higher score = desirable Lower score = desirable N.B. All mean scores moved in a positive direction

Boys Mixed between-within MANOVA revealed a significant* positive change from baseline to post- intervention for... Cultural-beauty internalisation Appearance-related conversations * p < 0.05

Post-intervention M (SD) Boys Measure Baseline M (SD) Post-intervention M (SD) Body satisfaction 13.52 (3.26) 14.00 (3.28) Cultural-beauty internalisation 17.04 (5.86) 14.00 (5.84)* Appearance-related conversation 12.35 (6.09) 9.27 (5.57)* Appearance-related comparison 12.30 (3.84) 9.09 (3.85) Appearance-related teasing 35.78 (10.84) 32.09 (12.17) Restrained eating 7.77 (3.46) 6.52 (3.04) Emotional eating 5.70 (2.27) 5.09 (2.72) Self-esteem 3.57 (1.20) 3.55 (1.34) Intervention topic knowledge 14.39 (3.33) 16.00 (2.51) Higher score = desirable Lower score = desirable N.B. All mean scores moved in a positive direction

Discussion

Discussion Mixed findings Limitations Different from original application Encouraging in short-term More effective with girls Potential for future application Limitations Sample size (particularly at follow-up) Non-randomised conditions

Conclusions Novel application Girls and boys affected by negative body image concerns Additional sessions – for maintenance and consolidation Future replication with larger sample Refinement of intervention materials

Questions? Contact us... emma.bird@uwe.ac.uk Collaborators: Miss Emma Bird UWE Dr. Emma Halliwell Dr. Phillippa Diedrichs