Principles of Organic and Biochemistry Ellen J. Wilson, RPh, PhD College of Southern Maryland

Friedrick W Ö hler is the “father” of organic chemistry

What is Organic Chemistry? carbonoxygenhydrogennitrogenphosphorussulfurhalogens

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  Compounds that contain mostly carbon and hydrogen  Also called alkanes MethaneCH 4 MethaneCH 4 EthaneCH 3 CH 3 EthaneCH 3 CH 3 PropaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 3 PropaneCH 3 CH 2 CH 3  Are called saturated alkanes

Look Back to CHE1200

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  Some alkanes are cyclic—cycloalkanes CyclopropaneC 3 H 6 CyclopropaneC 3 H 6 CylcobutaneC 4 H 8 CylcobutaneC 4 H 8 CyclopentaneC 5 H 10 CyclopentaneC 5 H 10 CyclohexaneC 6 H 12 CyclohexaneC 6 H 12

Cycloalkanes

Another View of Cycloalkanes

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  Some alkanes are substituted Can have other hydrocarbon groups or halogens on them in place of hydrogen Can have other hydrocarbon groups or halogens on them in place of hydrogen

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  Some hydrocarbons are unsaturated Have double bonds or triple bonds in place of hydrogen in some places Have double bonds or triple bonds in place of hydrogen in some places

Look Back to CHE1200  REMEMBER--- Carbon satisfies the octet rule by forming Carbon satisfies the octet rule by forming 4 bonds Hydrogen satisfies the duet rule by forming Hydrogen satisfies the duet rule by forming 1 bond EthaneEtheneEthyne CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHCH alkanealkenealkyne

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also be substituted

Topics in CHE1230 Hydrocarbons  There is a special class of hydrocarbons called aromatic hydrocarbons They are cyclic and unsaturated They are cyclic and unsaturated  Benzene is an exampleC 6 H 6

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Alcohols contain hydrocarbons plus an OH (hydroxyl) group

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Phenols contain a benzene ring plus an OH group

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Thiols contain an SH (sulfhydryl) group in place of the OH (hydroxyl) group

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Ethers contain a hydrocarbon group on either side of an oxygen

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Aldehydes and ketones contain carbon double bonded to oxygen

Topics in CHE1230 Oxygen-Containing Compounds Carboxylic acids contain carbon double bonded to oxygen with an OH (hydroxyl) group in place of one hydrogen

Topics in CHE1230 Carbohydrates  What are carbohydrates? Sugars Sugars Specialized oxygen-containing compounds Specialized oxygen-containing compounds  Can be Monosaccharides (simple sugars) Monosaccharides (simple sugars) Disaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides (starch) Polysaccharides (starch)

Carbohydrates

Topics in CHE1230 Amines and Amides  Compounds that contain nitrogen  Amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary

Topics in CHE1230 Amines and Amides  Amides contain carbon double bonded to oxygen plus an NH group

Topics in CHE1230 Lipids  What are lipids? FATS!!!!! FATS!!!!! Another type of oxygen-containing molecule Another type of oxygen-containing molecule A combination of long hydrocarbon and a carboxylic acid A combination of long hydrocarbon and a carboxylic acid  Fats can be saturated or unsaturated

Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry is the application of chemistry—both organic and inorganic— to living organisms

Topics in CHE1230 Proteins  The nitrogen-containing compounds in your body are proteins They are very large molecules They are very large molecules They are made of specialized molecules called amino acids They are made of specialized molecules called amino acids

Enzymes are specialized proteins

Topics in CHE1230 Molecular Genetics  DNA  RNA

Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism  What happens to the foods you eat?  Carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport

Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism  What happens to the foods you eat?  Lipid metabolism B-oxidation B-oxidation  Talk about how carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are linked

Topics in CHE1230 Metabolism  Talk about the role that insulin plays in both of them  Talk about American diets  Include protein metabolism as well

In Lab Today You Will Look at Various Properties of Hydrocarbons:   Addition reactions with bromine Unsubstituted compound to a substituted compound   Oxidation reactions Hydrocarbon to an alcohol

In Lab Today:   Flammability of hydrocarbons Burn cleanly = alkane Burns a little smoky = alkene Burn very smoky = aromatic

In Lab Today:   Boiling Point Determination   From CHE1200 What determines boiling point? What kind of compounds have high boiling points? Low boiling points?