Cold War Chapter 18 section2

China Northern China under Communist controlNorthern China under Communist control After WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperationAfter WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperation Civil War erupted Civil War erupted 1945 – – 1949 U.S. played peacemakerU.S. played peacemaker Supported Nationalists Supported Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek (leader) Chiang Kai-shek (leader) $3 Billion = supplies $3 Billion = supplies No soldiers No soldiers

Two sides in China Communists Communists Mao Zedong (leader)Mao Zedong (leader) Peasants support Peasants support Read / WriteRead / Write Improve food productionImprove food production Flocked to Communists‘ Red ArmyFlocked to Communists‘ Red Army Nationalists weak and corrupt Nationalists weak and corrupt Chiang Kai-Shek fled to TaiwanChiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan Relied on U.S. for aid Relied on U.S. for aid Failing economy Failing economy May 1949 May 1949 Communists ruled all of mainland ChinaCommunists ruled all of mainland China

Cont. China’s New Government China’s New Government People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China U.S. refused to recognize U.S. refused to recognize Containment failedContainment failed Fear of Communism Fear of Communism

Korean War Japan annexed Korea = 1910 Japan annexed Korea = 1910 Ruled until August 1945 when war was over.Ruled until August 1945 when war was over. Korea Splits Korea Splits 38 th Parallel North Latitude38 th Parallel North Latitude North Korea = Soviets = Communist North Korea = Soviets = Communist South Korea = US = Democratic South Korea = US = Democratic

Korean War June 25, 1950 June 25, 1950 North Korea swept across the 38 th ParallelNorth Korea swept across the 38 th Parallel Korean War begins Korean War begins June 27 June 27 Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support South KoreaTruman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support South Korea 16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid 90% - American troops 90% - American troops General Douglas MacArthur = commander of all forcesGeneral Douglas MacArthur = commander of all forces

U.S. Fights North Korea = Unstoppable at first North Korea = Unstoppable at first Driving deep into South KoreaDriving deep into South Korea MacArthur launched a surprise counterattack MacArthur launched a surprise counterattack Surrounded troopsSurrounded troops Pushed North Korean troops across line and deep into North KoreaPushed North Korean troops across line and deep into North Korea

China Fights Back China’s foreign minister warned China’s foreign minister warned “ his country would not stand idly by and let the Americans come to the border”“ his country would not stand idly by and let the Americans come to the border” November 1950 November ,000 Chinese troops joined the war300,000 Chinese troops joined the war Wanted North Korea as a communist buffer state Wanted North Korea as a communist buffer state Main opponents of war changed Main opponents of war changed China v. U.S.China v. U.S.

Cont. Chinese outnumbered UN forces Chinese outnumbered UN forces 10 to 110 to 1 UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Korea UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Korea Lost control of South Korean CapitalLost control of South Korean Capital Seoul Seoul

MacArthur MacArthur wants to attack ChinaMacArthur wants to attack China Nuclear weapons = Chinese cities Nuclear weapons = Chinese cities Truman rejected ideaTruman rejected idea Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with China Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with China Did not want to start WWIIIDid not want to start WWIII “Wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

MacArthur Verses Truman MacArthur continued to urge full scale war against China MacArthur continued to urge full scale war against China Tried to go over presidents headTried to go over presidents head Spoke / wrote privately to newspapers / magazinesSpoke / wrote privately to newspapers / magazines Refused warnings to follow ordersRefused warnings to follow orders April 11, 1951 April 11, 1951 Truman fired MacArthurTruman fired MacArthur

Stalemate June 23, 1951 June 23, 1951 Soviet Union suggested cease-fire = truceSoviet Union suggested cease-fire = truce Reached an agreement Reached an agreement Cease fire line = 38 th parallelCease fire line = 38 th parallel demilitarized zonedemilitarized zone Spent another year arguing over POW’s Spent another year arguing over POW’s July 1953 July 1953 Signed an armistice Ending the War

Cont. Agreement = Stalemate Agreement = Stalemate Communism had been containedCommunism had been contained No use of atomic weapons No use of atomic weapons Korea = 2 nationsKorea = 2 nations 54,000 American causalities 54,000 American causalities Cost = $67 Billion Cost = $67 Billion Increased fear of Communism in United States Increased fear of Communism in United States

The Korean war for Dummies 9C72ISMF_D0 9C72ISMF_D0 9C72ISMF_D0 9C72ISMF_D0