CASE OF KYRGYZSTAN CARE DEFICIT: LABOUR MIGRANTS AND CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND National Institute for Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic

KYRGYZSTAN Territory - 198,000 square km More than 90 % is mountaineous area Population – 5,5 mln Almost 2/3of the population lives in rural area

MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT Labour migrants: in Russia, in Kazakhstan and in other countries. Remittances as a tool to decrease the poverty– 1/3 of the GDP in 2013: 2,106 billion USD Boosting regional development (improved access to education and health services, brain gain, decrease the unemployment pressure)

INFLUENCE OF LABOUR MIGRATION ON CHILDREN Statistics of 2013: children of age 0-17 comprise more than 1/3 of the population (51% boys, 49% girls, 30% from urban area, 70% from rural area). The highest rate of children are in the southern part of Kyrgyzstan from where migrants leaving the country. The population census in 2009 showed that about 13% or 102,000 families who have children under 18 years old are families with one parent. The main reason for that was either emigration of one parent or unmarried child birth.

MATERNAL MORTALITY Every second dead pregnant woman dies due to poverty. Every fifth dead pregnant woman was a migrant (internal, external migrants) – 21,2%. According to national statistics: the maternal mortality rate increased by 32,2% in 2014 comparing to 2013.

According to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic in 2015 there are 1 mln chidren studying in schools, among them without parent care, orphans and from socially unprotected families (almost 100,000 children).

CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL, 2011 (UNICEF REPORT)

CHILDREN LEFT IN THE ORPHANAGES IN A COUNTRY OF DESTINATION No sufficient statistics about those children About 44 children were returned to Kyrgyzstan’s orphanages from Russia’s orphanages for the period of

PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE TOWARDS CHILDREN LEFT Institute of Ombudsman finds two main places where children are subject to violence: schools and other institutions and at home. In crimes have been committed towards children under 18 years old, for the same period in 2013 – 1045 crimes. Sexual crimes in 2014 – 140, in According to observation the cases on sexual crimes towards children are increasing since 2012.

CASES OF SUICIDE AMONG CHILDREN The last statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic shows the unpromising statistics in the children suicide sphere: in 2012 – 42 cases, in cases, in 2014 – 106 and during the first two months of 2015 there are already 21 cases of children and teen suicide. No sufficient investigation has been made by appropriate state agencies.

MEASURES STATE HAS TAKEN UN Convention on Children Rights, joined on 12 January 1994 Decree of Ministry of Education and Science №264/1 of 2009 stating that there is no place for physical violence towards children in schools and other institutions. The Code of Children adopted in The Family Code. The Criminal Code

GAPS IN NATIONAL LEGISLATURE Decree of the Ministry of Education and Science does not state about psychological violence towards children in schools and other institutions. Problems with security protection of those children whose rights were violated. Problems with the investigation.

Thank you for attention! Elnura Omurkulova-Ozierska Mail: