© 2009 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission. Introduction to Climate Change and Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) Andrew Crane-Droesch CBA Project Coordinator Energy and Environment Group Bureau for Development Policy UNDP

1 Overview Presentation Outline 1. Climate Change Basics 2.What is climate change adaptation? 3.What is the Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) project? 4.How will UNVs work with CBA?

2 Climate Change Basics The Greenhouse Effect

3 Climate Change Basics Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Humans are enhancing the Earth’s natural greenhouse effect through: Burning fossil fuels-coal, oil, natural gas (about 80%) Land use changes- cutting forests, clearing land (about 20%)

4 Climate Change Basics Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations are increasing Global temperatures are closely linked with levels of GHGs in atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide (CO2)

5 Climate Change Basics Climate change is already being observed- Temperatures are rising with atmospheric CO2 /

6 Climate Change Basics The future Projected surface temperature increases from 2000 to Unless emissions are reduced- there will be more warming and changes will accelerate AR4, SPM Synthesis Report, based on A1B scenario

7 Climate Change Basics Temperature increases Severity of temperature increase depend on GHG emissions levels Scenarios help scientists examine different predictions for the future

8 Rising Temperatures 1.5º 6º6º Changes in: - Rainfall - Soil evaporation - Physical geography, landscapes - Sea level - Extreme weather Climate Change Basics

9 Sea Level Rise /

10 Climate Change Basics Changes in precipitation /

11 Climate change impacts will be different everywhere However, there are many common themes 11

12 Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Stronger hurricanes and cyclones threaten coastal areas

13 Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt More heatwaves and warmer temperatures, especially at night Droughts

14 Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Stronger storms, more variable rainfall, and sea level rise increase risk of floods

15 Climate Change Basics How climate change impacts will be felt Sea-level rise threatens coastal areas, especially small islands /

16 PUBLIC HEALTH Increasing incidents of infectious, water-borne and vector-borne diseases, heat stress & mortality, additional public health costs AGRICULTURE Less predictability in crop yield, changing irrigation demand, growing risk of pest infestations FORESTRY Changes in forest composition, extent, health & productivity WATER RESOURCES Variability in water supply, quality and distribution. More competition and cross-border conflicts over water resources COASTAL SYSTEMS Erosion, inundation, salinisation, stress on mangroves, marshes, wetlands ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Loss of habitat, species and protective ecosystems, migratory shifts Climate Change Basics Climate change impacts summary

17 Climate Change Basics How climate change threatens development Increased temperatures spread disease and endanger public health Risks to Millennium Development Goals Droughts, floods, and increased temperatures undermine food security Infrastructure loss and displacement makes it harder to educate children Declining availability of food and potable water place additional burdens on women Climate changes negatively impact natural resources and productive ecosystems

18 What is adaptation? Examples: Addressing water scarcity that jeopardizes safe drinking water and agriculture “…adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that moderates harm and exploits beneficial opportunities.” …a process by which individuals, communities, and countries seek to cope with the consequences of climate change, including variability. IPCC TAR, UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework

19 What is adaption? Coping with excessive water, including from floods and sea-level rise Reducing disaster risks from stronger weather events

20 What is adaptation? Helping agriculture thrive in the face changing climatic conditions Improving health systems to address climate- related diseases and other health impacts

21 How adaptation helps communities deal with climate-related problems Time Climatic variations What is adaptation?

22 Adaptation must be planned as a development goal Move from short-term and ad hoc toward longer-term & deliberative adaptation Longer-term ad hoc deliberative Short-term Historical experience Adaptation

23 Adaptation: reduces vulnerability to climate change impacts; reduces losses Greenhouse gas emissions Climate change impacts Global Climate Change Mitigation: reduces emissions, reduces magnitude of climate change Mitigation and adaptation are complementary

24 Why Community-Based Adaptation? Climate change is global, but impacts are regional and local Impacts will affect different communities differently based on their specific circumstances …so, solutions must be locally specific CBA is community-driven CBA is the grass-roots component of climate change adaptation CBA will respond to locally specific needs, and develop lessons for global and national stakeholders to further adaptation practice

25 Community Based Organizations Local NGOs SGP Country Programs National Coordinators and Committees UNDP Climate Change Adaptation Team Projects Project development support Technical Support Capacity Building for Field Teams Project Development Community-Based Adaptation Projects National Governments Private Sector UN System Policy Change Global Learning Implementation M&E Evidence-Based Policy Support Projects are based on community priorities and led by communities Key Statistics $4.5 Million + Co-financing 10 Countries Up to $50K per community project 14 projects currently under implementation 25 projects under preparation 50 Projects under implementation expected by in of 2009 The Community-Based Adaptation Project

26 CBA Projects UNDP CBA Projects are: 26 Aimed at addressing climate change risks Address both present and future climate risks, as well as anticipatory activities Driven by communities – CBOs and NGOs are the grantees and manage project funds Generally capped at $50K, plus co-financing Average length between 1-2 years

27 CBA Country Programs UNDP’s CBA program builds on the of the UNDP-GEF Small Grants Program, comprising: The National Coordinator National Steering/Coordinating Committee Technical support and coordination from HQ 27

28 CBA Projects and the SPA Community-Driven Priorities Global Environmental Benefits Climate Change Adaptation Priorities CBA SPA-funded CBA Projects are:  Community- driven …  Generate global environmental benefits  Address climate change risks  The CBA project will operate where all three of these priorities intersect

29 Outcome 1: Local Level Key Project Outcomes Enhanced adaptive capacity allows communities to reduce their vulnerability to adverse impacts of future climate change driven risks –Community-level capacity building and awareness-raising on climate change –Portfolio of 8-20 adaptation projects per country, in 10 countries Outcome 2: National Level National policies and programs promote replication of best practices derived from CBA projects –Dissemination/promotion of lessons learned at the national level –Involvement of policymakers in CBA projects and processes Outcome 3: Global Level Cooperation among member countries promotes innovation in adaptation to climate change including variability –Transboundary learning, based on best practices identified by communities –Lessons learned on CBA transmitted to global stakeholders, including GEF-secretariat

30 Initial Grantee Outreach Project Concepts Under Development Projects In Planning Projects in Implementation BangladeshCommencing 2009 BoliviaOngoing 3 Concepts in Development None at Present 3 Projects Under Implementation GuatemalaOngoing 3 Concepts in Development 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 JamaicaOngoing 1 Concept in Development 3 Project Under Preparation 2 Projects Under Implementation KazakhstanAll funds pipelined 5 Projects Under Preparation 5 Projects Under Implementation MoroccoOngoingNone at present 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 NamibiaOngoingNote at present 1 Project Under Implementation NigerOngoing 2 Concepts in Development 3 Projects Under Preparation 2 Projects Under Implementation SamoaOngoingNone at Present 8 Projects Under Preparation 1 Project Under Implementation Viet NamOngoing 4 Concepts in Development 2 Projects Under Preparation Commencing 2009 Implementation Status

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