Body Organization From cells to organisms…just how the body is designed

Homeostasis What do you do when it is cold outside? When it is hot?What do you do when it is cold outside? When it is hot? Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environmentHomeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment –Your body systems work together to ensure that your body maintains a stable internal environment

Body Organization Body organizationBody organization –Cells –Tissues –Organs –Organ Systems –Organism

Types of Cells We are multicellular organismsWe are multicellular organisms –We are made up of over 1 trillion cells We have many different types of cellsWe have many different types of cells –Examples: Blood cells, muscle cells, bone cells Every cell has a specific purpose it carries outEvery cell has a specific purpose it carries out

Types of Tissues EpithelialEpithelial –Covers and protects underlying tissue NervousNervous –Sends electrical signals throughout the body MuscleMuscle –Contracts and relaxes to produce movement ConnectiveConnective –Joins, supports, protects, and cushions organs

Organs Two or more tissues working togetherTwo or more tissues working together –Examples: Heart, stomach, kidney, brain

The Body Systems Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Cardiovascular Nervous Lymphatic Digestive Endocrine Respiratory Urinary Reproductive (male) Reproductive (female)

Integumentary System Function: Protect underlying tissueFunction: Protect underlying tissue Organs: Skin, hair, and nailsOrgans: Skin, hair, and nails The Body Systems

Muscular Function: Produces movement in your body.Function: Produces movement in your body. Organs: Cardiac Muscle (in heart), Smooth Muscle (involuntary in organs), and Skeletal Muscle (voluntary, moves bones)Organs: Cardiac Muscle (in heart), Smooth Muscle (involuntary in organs), and Skeletal Muscle (voluntary, moves bones) The Body Systems

Skeletal System Function: The skeletal system provides a frame to support and protect your body partsFunction: The skeletal system provides a frame to support and protect your body parts Organs: Your Bones (e.g. skull, ribs, etc)Organs: Your Bones (e.g. skull, ribs, etc) Note: Bone is made up of connective tissueNote: Bone is made up of connective tissue The Body Systems

Cardiovascular System Function: The heart pumps blood throughout the body. The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients throughout the body.Function: The heart pumps blood throughout the body. The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients throughout the body. Organs: Heart, blood, and blood vesselsOrgans: Heart, blood, and blood vessels The Body Systems

Nervous System Function: Sends electrical and chemical signals to control the body and body functionsFunction: Sends electrical and chemical signals to control the body and body functions Organs: Brain, spinal cord, and nervesOrgans: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves The Body Systems

Lymphatic System Function: Helps protect the body from pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and helps it heal from wounds using White Blood Cells (WBC)Function: Helps protect the body from pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and helps it heal from wounds using White Blood Cells (WBC) Organs: Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsilsOrgans: Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils The Body Systems

Digestive System Function: Breaks down food into nutrients and absorbs them into the bodyFunction: Breaks down food into nutrients and absorbs them into the body Organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreasOrgans: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas The Body Systems

Endocrine System Function: Releases chemical messages (hormones) that help regulate the body’s growth and functionsFunction: Releases chemical messages (hormones) that help regulate the body’s growth and functions Organs: Glands (e.g. pituitary gland)Organs: Glands (e.g. pituitary gland) The Body Systems

Respiratory System Function: Brings in oxygen and releases carbon dioxideFunction: Brings in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide Organs: LungsOrgans: Lungs The Body Systems

Excretory System Function: Filters and removes wastes from the body and regulates water content in the bodyFunction: Filters and removes wastes from the body and regulates water content in the body Organs: Kidneys (urinary)Organs: Kidneys (urinary) The Body Systems

The Reproductive System MaleMale –The male reproductive system produces and delivers sperm The Body Systems FemaleFemale –The female reproductive system produces eggs and can hold unborn babies