Chapter 4, Section 2 Population Geography

What are some factors that have contributed to world population growth?

Population Statistics Birthrate – number of live births per 1000 people per year Mortality Rate (Death Rate) – number of deaths per 1000 people per year Rate of Natural Increase (Population Growth Rate) – difference between Birthrate and Mortality Rate Birthrate – Death Rate = Rate of Natural Increase

Population Statistics Fertility Rate – the average number of children that would be born per woman  If all women lived to the end of their childbearing years  If all women gave birth according to the rate at each age Current replacement rate is ___ children per woman Infant Mortality Rate – the number of deaths among infants (one year of age or younger) per thousand live births

Population Pyramids Shows gender and age distribution of a population Allows geographers to examine how events affect the population of a country or region  wars, famine, epidemics, etc. Shows population proportion  Young People (0 – 14)  Working People (15 – 59)  Elderly People (60 +)

What it Looks Like Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number Vertical Axis - Age Groups Elderly dependents Working population Young dependents

How to Read a Population Pyramid 1)Read the title (Country, City, or Racial Group) 2)Comment on general shape of the pyramid 3)Note the proportion of people in various age groups 4)Note the gender ratio 5)Interpret the data

Pyramid Shapes Triangular Bee Hive Rectangular *The shape of each pyramid is controlled by:  Births  Deaths  Migrations

Triangular (Broad Based)

Title: India, 2000 Shape: Broad-based, high birth rate Narrow top, small elderly pop Proportion: Unequal proportions throughout the age ranges Gender Ratio: Balanced

Bee Hive

Title: Singapore, 2000 Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base Low birthrate, slow pop growth Proportion: Large proportion of working pop, 15 – 59 yr old – large group of economically active pop Gender Ratio: Balanced

Rectangular

Title: Japan, 2000 Shape: Rectangular-shaped, Slow pop growth Narrow base – low birth rate life expectancy is high(80+) low death rate Proportion: Bars of equal length – proportional until old age Gender Ratio: balanced until old age

Migration Movement of humans from one area to another Emigrate – to leave one's native country to settle in another Immigrate – to come to a country of which one is not native Caused by push-pull factors

Population Density The average number of people that live in a measurable area Shows how heavily populated an area is Found by dividing total number of people in an area by the total amount of land they occupy Things to remember:  Population density can change over time  Can be misleading due to uneven distribution

Carrying Capacity The number of people a piece of land can support Increased due to:  Fertile Soil  Abundant Resources  Technology  Wealth Overcrowding occurs when the given resources of a piece of land can not support the number of people living on it