Introduction to Engineering Mr. Phillip Knight

Engineering I Engineers build bridges. Engineers build bridges. Engineers test structures by loading them to failure. Engineers test structures by loading them to failure. Engineers design bridges for maximum strength-to-weight ratio. Engineers design bridges for maximum strength-to-weight ratio. Unfortunately, these ideas don’t quite cut it. Unfortunately, these ideas don’t quite cut it.

Engineering I The essence of engineering is design. The essence of engineering is design. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. The engineering design process is, at the same time, both systematic and creative. The engineering design process is, at the same time, both systematic and creative. And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution. And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution. These are the essential characteristics of engineering. These are the essential characteristics of engineering.

Engineering I Define Mathematics. Define Mathematics. Define Science. Define Science. Define Technology. Define Technology. Mathematics - The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols. Mathematics - The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols. Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. Technology - ?? Technology - ??

Engineering I What is Technology? What is Technology? Construct a definition of Technology Construct a definition of Technology What is an “-ology?” What is an “-ology?” Sociology, Biology, Psychology Sociology, Biology, Psychology “Ology” – derived from Logos, meaning “study of” “Ology” – derived from Logos, meaning “study of” So what is good working definition of the word “Technology”? So what is good working definition of the word “Technology”?

Engineering I How old is technology? How old is technology? Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is? Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is? The plow! The plow! What were the societal effects of this technology? What were the societal effects of this technology? What innovations were made on it? What innovations were made on it?

Engineering I Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems. Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems. Ancient men……. Look at our teeth. Ancient men……. Look at our teeth. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of strict carnivores. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of strict carnivores. It is also a fact that our digestive systems differ from strict carnivores It is also a fact that our digestive systems differ from strict carnivores

Engineering I In order to eat we needed to develop tools. In order to eat we needed to develop tools. Tools are the first essential element for all technology systems. Tools are the first essential element for all technology systems. These tools are made of materials (2nd) These tools are made of materials (2nd) We name eras according to material usage We name eras according to material usage Stone Age Stone Age Bronze Age Bronze Age Iron Age Iron Age

Engineering I Invention of the plow coincides with domestication of animals in agriculture, likely oxen in Mesopotamia Invention of the plow coincides with domestication of animals in agriculture, likely oxen in Mesopotamia Importance of Agricultural Based tools: Importance of Agricultural Based tools: Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels. Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels. The waterwheel was invented around 240 BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for food. The waterwheel was invented around 240 BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for food.

Engineering I What was used prior to the water wheel for grinding grain? What was used prior to the water wheel for grinding grain? Grinding Stones - Is this technology?

Engineering I Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by the flow of water through a sluice in a dam. Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by the flow of water through a sluice in a dam. Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to the original waterwheels to spin milling equipment for lumber. Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to the original waterwheels to spin milling equipment for lumber. Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs. Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs. Can you see the changes these technologies made in the way man lived? Can you see the changes these technologies made in the way man lived?

Engineering I Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one! Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one! What is it made of? What is it made of? We call these materials resources. We call these materials resources. Natural and Man-made. Natural and Man-made. Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable. Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable. What were the effects of this technology? What were the effects of this technology? How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society? How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society? So now – Define technology! So now – Define technology!

Engineering I Technology defined: Technology defined: The study of applying scientific knowledge to solve practical problems by converting available resources into useful products for society The study of applying scientific knowledge to solve practical problems by converting available resources into useful products for society Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic-based body of knowledge. Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic-based body of knowledge. However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects? However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects?

Engineering I Technology is a system having seven essential elements: Technology is a system having seven essential elements: Capital Capital Energy Energy Resources/Materials Resources/Materials Tools Tools People People Information Information Time Time

Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat brazil nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to break the shell of the nut open and get to the fruit inside it. Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat brazil nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to break the shell of the nut open and get to the fruit inside it. According to our definition…is this technology? According to our definition…is this technology? Other examples? Other examples? Engineering I

All Technology can be grouped into five general classifications: All Technology can be grouped into five general classifications: Construction Construction Transportation Transportation Manufacturing Manufacturing Communication Communication Bio-related Bio-related

Engineering I Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas: Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas: Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants) Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants) Tech and Math (wind load on buildings) Tech and Math (wind load on buildings) Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers) Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers) Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility) Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility) Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy) Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy) Tech and Music (Instruments are tools) Tech and Music (Instruments are tools) Tech and Visual Arts (Escher) Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

M.C. Escher Artwork

Engineering I So know lets examine engineering. So know lets examine engineering. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. Human need is central. Human need is central.

Engineering I Egyptian Engineers Egyptian Engineers Imhotep: Engineer to King Djoser Imhotep: Engineer to King Djoser Considered the first engineer, architect, & physician in history known by name Considered the first engineer, architect, & physician in history known by name Pyramids, Dams, and Canals Pyramids, Dams, and Canals Mesopotamian Engineers Mesopotamian Engineers The wheel! The wheel! First Canals built by the Sumerians First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamia of Southern Mesopotamia Home and Wall construction Home and Wall construction Iron weaponry Iron weaponry Aqueducts and paved streets of Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer Sennacherib King Engineer Sennacherib

Engineering I Greek Engineers: Greek Engineers: Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians 1 st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. 1 st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer. Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer. Allegedly designed world’s first artificial, self-propelled flying device: mechanical bird that flew using compressed air/steam. Allegedly designed world’s first artificial, self-propelled flying device: mechanical bird that flew using compressed air/steam. Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people. Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people. Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greece. Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greece.

Roman Engineers Romans were adaptive engineers; Romans were adaptive engineers; building off others ideas. building off others ideas. Most were civil engineers developing Most were civil engineers developing roads, bridges, etc. roads, bridges, etc. Significant advances in architecture Significant advances in architecture and everyday machinery. and everyday machinery. Kingdom of Anatolia: Indirect Central Heating Kingdom of Anatolia: Indirect Central Heating System was called the hypocaust System was called the hypocaust Discovery of Cement! Discovery of Cement! Use of the waterwheel, trusses Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the pendentive. and the pendentive.

Engineering I The Oriental Engineers: The Oriental Engineers: Centered on religious activities. Centered on religious activities. Indian – Skills with iron works Indian – Skills with iron works Arabic – Skills with water clocks and Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first practical windmill. waterwheels and the first practical windmill. Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and dams. bridges, canals and dams. The European Engineers: The European Engineers: Middle Ages was the height of invention. Middle Ages was the height of invention. Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress 18 th century advanced hydraulics, canal building. 18 th century advanced hydraulics, canal building. Renaissance saw the advent of engineering Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and engineering became a defined schools and engineering became a defined discipline. discipline.

Careers in Engineering ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. Engineering defined as: Engineering defined as: The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. Using materials and forces for the good of humankind. Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.

Careers in Engineering Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer. Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer. They do overlap. They do overlap. There are several sub-categories under each of the major headings. There are several sub-categories under each of the major headings. Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by engineers. Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by engineers. Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Sales, Financial Management Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Sales, Financial Management Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation. Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Disciplines: Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating under different speeds and altitudes. Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating under different speeds and altitudes. Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the production and processing of agricultural products. Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the production and processing of agricultural products. Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic integrity of structures. Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic integrity of structures. Chemical: the development of processes, and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture. Chemical: the development of processes, and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Disciplines: Civil: All principalities of communication, transportation, construction, and manufacturing. Civil: All principalities of communication, transportation, construction, and manufacturing. Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers. Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers. Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems. Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems. Mechanical: machines, production of power, and manufacturing methods. Mechanical: machines, production of power, and manufacturing methods.

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Disciplines: Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology. Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology. Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products from the earth. Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products from the earth.

Careers in Engineering Assignment: Assignment: Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation 2 people per team maximum 2 people per team maximum 5 slide minimum 5 slide minimum 5 related pictures or illustrations 5 related pictures or illustrations Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school. Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school. Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline. Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline. Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non- Georgia schools offering the degree program. Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three non- Georgia schools offering the degree program. Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS). Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS). Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income. Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.