Early Modern Times The First Global Age

Major themes overview Growing International Trade, Contact & Movement of People and Goods –Transatlantic Network, Colombian Exchange –Emergence of new Labor systems –Mercantilism, Capitalism and the Commercial Revolution Technological Developments –Printing press, Gunpowder & Military technology, Navigation, Agricultural Revolution Balance of Power shifts Westward to Europe –Land-Based Eastern powers based on traditional forms of government –European Hegemony: Sea-Based Western European powers

Renaissance Humanism and the power of man… Appreciation of Classical literature, sculpture, philosophy, government Role of Italian city states: urban centers of trade & patronage (Medici Family) The artisan becomes the artist! –Michelangelo –Raphael Civic responsibility – Machiavelli: The Prince Return to the original teachings of the church –Petrarch, In Praise of Folly –Thomas More, Utopia

Reformation Failure of the Catholic Church to adapt to the political and social changes of the new age… Sale of Indulgences, Worldliness, Corruption… Martin Luther, 95 Theses -Lutheran John Calvin in Geneva – Presbyterian –Challenge Church Hierarchy – Pope, monastic orders –Is as much a political, as a spiritual debate Henry VIII: The Anglican Church –Act of Supremacy Church Response: Catholic or Counter Reformation

Political Consolidation Constitutionalism Britain as a model… Rule of Law, and shared power Magna Carta Parliament Recognition of some individual rights Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights Other areas… the Netherlands Absolutism France as a model… Rule by Divine Right of King Louis XIV – the sun king No guaranteed rights or privileges to the commoners Still very feudal Unfair taxation Other areas… Russia (Peter the Great) Austria (Hapsburgs)

European Hegemony & the Age of Exploration Columbus: sustained contact with the Americas –Columbian Exchange –Spanish Colonization Americas, Philippines –Portuguese Contacts Cape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean, Spice Islands –English, Dutch & French

The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

Impact: Social & Economic Mercantilism –Goal: Gold and silver (Bullion) –self sufficient, productive nation –Favorable balance of trade, colonies Commercial Revolution –Joint stock companies, merchants –banking, inflation Population Growth –New foods, rising standard of living –rise of the middle class, Elite culture Labor systems –African Slavery –Encomienda System –Indentured Servitude

New Technologies & Intellectual understanding Gutenberg’s Printing Press –Literacy, spread of information Navigation Technologies –Astrolabe, caravel, Henry the Navigator Scientific Revolution –Galileo- heliocentric model –Newton Enlightenment –Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau: The Social Contract

Outside Europe… Rise of the West or Decline of the older zones of civilization?

Gun Powder Empires Muslim Empires Mughal – India –Subcontinent unification, Akbar the Great, religious toleration Safavid – Persian –Shi’ia, Isfahan, Abbas the Great Ottoman – Turks –1453 conquer Constantinople, millet communities, janissaries

Gun Powder Empires Asia Ming – China –Zheng He, exploration, Junk ships, 1433 isolation Feudal Japan –Tokugawa Shogunate –Samurai –Cultural development –isolation Russia – Romanovs –Peter the Great – westernization, modernization

Visit the following links to practice multiple choice questions on the period … Renaissance Reformation Exploration Scientific Revolution Absolutism Enlightenment