Greening the Supply Chain “ Pollution Prevention for Product Systems” John O. Sparks U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Design for the Environment Program

Extraction conversion Unsustainable Product Life Cycle Material Flows & Life Cycle Concepts Discharges to air, land, water in all stages Stuff DisposeManufacturingUse

12,000,000 new cars/light trucks made annually –about 20,000 parts per unit and most are out-sourced Total finished product is 24,000,000 tons Estimate about 3 lbs. non-product output per lb. of finished product –cleaners, lubricants, scrap, process sludges, etc. –could be much higher if process waters included Non-product output approximately 72,000,000 tons Most in the suppliers facilities auto company & public ultimately pays for waste. OEM Supply Chains Example:Auto Assembly Impact

Material Flows & Life Cycle Concepts GSC Vision :Sustainable Product Life Cycle Fewer discharges to air, land, water in all stages End-of-life Disassembly Assembly & Manufacturing Use Servicing Repair Design Inputs Dispose Re-manufacturing & Recycling

Environmental Impact Potential: 4 Workshops Reduced Electricity Demand: –1, 880,000 – 1,915,000 kWh annually Reduced CO 2 Emissions: –Transport related reductions –149,800 – 150,200 lbs. annually Reduced Transport Fuel Use: –21,990 – 22,080 gallons annually Reduced Solid Waste Disposal: –278,000 – 319,000 lbs. Annually Additional environmental opportunities: –Paint disposal reduction –Steel scrap reduction