Discovery of Radioactivity

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Presentation transcript:

Discovery of Radioactivity

Roentgen Becquerel Curie Radioactivity X-rays Uranium emits something! at the end of the 1800’s …

Roentgen discovered X-rays: 1895 Roentgen discovered that cathode ray tubes emit x-rays

Roentgen quickly discovered uses for X-rays

Natural Radioactivity - 1896 1896 Becquerel discovered that uranium substances emit radiation

Marie Curie found emission of rays by uranium compounds atomic property of element uranium (U) 1898 discovered thorium (Th) also gave off radiation 1898: Curies reported 2 new elements: polonium (Po) & radium (Ra) also radioactive

Radioactivity nucleus of element emits subatomic particles & electromagnetic waves nucleus changes into different element process: nuclear “decay” or “transmutation” original nucleus is “unstable”

Natural Radioactivity Becquerel & Curie believed more than 1 kind of radiation was emitted by substances: 1899 discovered alpha rays () & beta rays () 1900 discovered gamma rays ()

Radioactivity – Rutherford again!

Radioactivity 3 radiation types behave differently in magnetic & electric fields 3 radiation types: different penetration power  (alpha rays): stopped by paper  (beta rays): stopped by thin metal foil  (gamma rays): only partially blocked by lead and concrete

TABLE O 0 gamma () -1 1/1836 (0.0005) 0 or 0 e beta () +2 4 0 gamma () -1 1/1836 (0.0005) 0 or 0 e beta () +2 4 4 He or 4 alpha () Charge Mass (amu) Isotope Notation Type of Radiation (symbol) 2 2 -1 -1

beta particle (negative electron): 1 0 n  1 1 p + 0 -1 e positron (positive beta particle) 1 1 p  0 +1 e + 1 0 n