The Father of Heredity

Gregor Mendel

Synonym for “Trait”

Allele

A structure located in the nucleus where DNA is stored

Chromosome

What is the passing of genetic material from one generation to the next generation called?

Heredity

Physical appearance that reflects your genotype

phenotype

This shows possible phenotypes and genotypes of what an offspring could look like or what genes they can inherit

Punnett Square

This is a picture of chromosomes arranged from biggest to smallest. It shows an organism’s sex and possible disorders

Karyotype

“Genes” the make up of the combination of traits you inherit from your parents (EX. AA, Bb, cc, Dd)

Genotype

2 copies of the same allele: BB, bb

Homozygous: BB – dominant bb - recessive

2 words that describe these types of alleles: Bb Tt Ss

Heterozygous OR Hybrid

in order for this recessive trait to be seen, the offspring must have two…

of the same alleles - Homozygous recessive (little letters)

The actual genetic information for a particular trait is called:

gene

A person who studies heredity is called:

A geneticist

The gene or allele that is most likely expressed or seen in an offspring – only one is needed to show trait

Dominant: TT Tt

Physical appearance

Phenotype – what an organism looks like

4 facts about Gregor Mendel

1- he was a monk 2 – he was a gardener 3- he grew pea plants 4 – he was Austrian 5 – he studied heredity 6 – lived around 1850

Genes that make up the combination of traits you inherit from your parents (EX. AA, Bb, cc, Dd) are called:

Genotype – gene combinations by letters

Give the genotype and phenotype ratios of this Punnett square (T = tall, t = short):

genotype: 1 homozygous dominant (TT) 25% 2 heterozygous or hybrid (Tt) 50% 1 homozygous recessive (tt) 25% 1:2:1

In garden snakes, yellow is dominant (Y) over green, and round is dominant (R) over flat. Cross a hybrid male in color who is flat, with a green female who is heterozygous shape. What are the ratios for the offsprings?

Yyrr (male) “x” yyRr (female) Results: Yellow + round – 4/16, 1/4 Yellow + flat – 4/16, 1/4 Green and round – 4/16, 1/4 Green and flat – 4/16, 1/4 RATIO: 1:1:1:1