The 5 Themes of Geography How we look at the world, both past and present

Geography Geography: the study of the earth’s physical and human characteristics. Geographers use 5 themes to explain and understand these characteristics

Location “Where is it?” Every place has: – Absolute Location: the exact spot of a place on the earth’s surface. Latitude and Longitude – Relative Location: tells where a place is by comparing what is around it. Bismarck is east of Dickinson

Place “What is it like?” Describes all of the characteristics that give an area its own special quality. Physical: mountains, waterways, climate, plant and animals Human: language, religion or architecture

Examples of Place Concrete/Physical: – Landforms – Buildings – Bridges – Trees – Statues Abstract/Human: – Climate -- Language – Culture- the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

Movement “How do people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another?” Has brought the world’s people closer together. Transportation and communication

Movement of People Population- total number of people in a given area Migration- moving from one place to another Immigrants- people who leave one country to move to another

Why do people move? “push-pull” theory- people migrate because something “pushes” them from where they currently live and “pulls” them to the new place.

Push-Pull Example Push: – Economic – Government – Religious persecution Pull – Better life – Similar people – Climate

Population Growth The world’s population has increased dramatically. – Growth rate has never been seen before. Many people move from rural areas (villages in the countryside) to urban areas (cities and towns). Causes overcrowding in areas and over use of natural resources.

Movement of Products Import- goods bought from a foreign country. Export- goods sold to a foreign country. Economy- having to do with the exchanging of money for goods and services

Region “What common features bring geographical areas together?” Can be defined by – Physical features (mts) – Religion (Islamic) – Language (French) – Livelihood (agriculture)

Examples of Regions North Dakota is in the plains, a flat land region. North Dakota has regions within the state (Red River Valley). North Dakota is a part of a region (the Midwest).

Human-Environment Interaction “What is the relationship between people and their surroundings?” Landforms, waterways, climate and natural resources have either helped and harmed people and their activities.

Natural Resources Natural Resource- any useful material found in the environment. Usually soil, water, minerals and vegetation

3 Types of Resources Recyclable: recourses that cycle through the natural process in the environment. – Water Cycle Renewable: a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or is replaced as used. – Wind and trees

Non-renewable Resources Non-renewable: natural resources that cannot be replaced once they are used up. – Coal, oil, fossil fuels

Why is Geography Important to History Geography is a key factor in shaping historical events. It helps explain why and how things happened.