The Geographer’s Tools Geographers use maps, globes, charts, graphs, and new technology to learn about and display the features of Earth.

It is important to study the geography and history of other countries around the world It is important to study the geography and history of other countries around the world We need to understand other cultures in order to appreciate our world We need to understand other cultures in order to appreciate our world Knowledge of other countries is the key to understanding them Knowledge of other countries is the key to understanding them Today, we will review our map skills so that we can find where places are located! Today, we will review our map skills so that we can find where places are located!

Maps and Globes Differences Between Maps and Globes A globe is an accurate, three-dimensional model of the earth A globe is an accurate, three-dimensional model of the earth Maps are less accurate than globes in picturing the earth because they are just two-dimensional Maps are less accurate than globes in picturing the earth because they are just two-dimensional Knowing how to read a map is very important Knowing how to read a map is very important Let’s talk about some types of maps Let’s talk about some types of maps

Physical Map

The World Physical Physical maps show what the surface of the Earth looks like. Physical maps show what the surface of the Earth looks like.

Political Map

The World Political Political maps show how people have divided places on the Earth into countries, states, cities and other units for the purpose of governing them. Political maps show how people have divided places on the Earth into countries, states, cities and other units for the purpose of governing them.

Climate Maps

Locating Places on a Map Maps show the locations of different places: countries, states, state capitals, and other places, too. Maps show the locations of different places: countries, states, state capitals, and other places, too. Without a map, it would be really hard to know where all these places are. Without a map, it would be really hard to know where all these places are. every map has tools to help us read the map every map has tools to help us read the map

Latitude and Longitude The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude. The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude.

Lines Longitude lines run north and south. Longitude lines run north and south. Latitude lines run east and west. Latitude lines run east and west. The lines measure distances in degrees. The lines measure distances in degrees. Latitude Longitude

Where is 0 degree? The equator is 0 degree latitude. The equator is 0 degree latitude. It is an imaginary belt that is the halfway point between the North Pole and the South Pole. It is an imaginary belt that is the halfway point between the North Pole and the South Pole. Equator

Where is 0 degree? The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica. The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica. PRIMEPRIME MERIDIANMERIDIAN

Absolute Location- where a line of latitude intersects with a line of longitude Absolute Location- where a line of latitude intersects with a line of longitude A. The Absolute Location is given as a coordinate pair (X,Y on an axis) A. The Absolute Location is given as a coordinate pair (X,Y on an axis) B. Latitude (the X number) is always listed first B. Latitude (the X number) is always listed first

Hemispheres By using the equator and prime meridian, we can divide the world into four hemispheres, north, south, east, and west. By using the equator and prime meridian, we can divide the world into four hemispheres, north, south, east, and west.

Compass A compass is a tool that helps the user know what direction one is headed. A compass is a tool that helps the user know what direction one is headed. On a map, a compass or a compass rose helps the user locate these directions. On a map, a compass or a compass rose helps the user locate these directions.

Scale Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a direct connection between a unit of measurement on the map and the actual distance. Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a direct connection between a unit of measurement on the map and the actual distance. For example, each inch on the map represents one mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in one inch. For example, each inch on the map represents one mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in one inch.

Scale

Time Zones The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day. As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day. As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day. Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone. Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.longitude

Let’s Practice!!!