Religion & the 13 Original Colonies How the Reformation influenced settlement of the 13 Original Colonies

Religion in Europe – 15 th century Roman Catholicism – Religion of society and government ▫Pope controls money and government Italian Renaissance begins – emergence of free thinking 1455: Johannes Gutenberg – printing press ▫More information available ▫Affordable for masses

Changes Occur Challenges to Corruption in Church ▫Martin Luther – 95 Theses  Posted to Church doors (Germany)  Mass produced by supporters with Printing Press  Luther excommunicated by Catholic Church  Diet of Worms – asked to recant  Luther refused  Luther protected by followers – starts the Protestant Reformation – Lutheran Church est.

Protestantism spreads John Calvin ▫Predestination ▫Geneva, Switzerland – city of refuge ▫Calvinism develops – principal Protestant denomination in Europe

England Henry VIII: ▫Activity: Play the following YouTube video on Henry VIII. Henry VIII ▫With a partner, pair-share how Henry the VIII broke with the Catholic church.

Development of the Anglican Church Henry VIII: broke with Catholic Church when annulment from 1 st wife denied Fired Catholic advisors, hired Lutheran advisors Est. Church of England – similar to Catholicism but monarch is head of church not Pope Gets annulment

Scotland John Knox ▫Scotland most corrupt combo of church and state ▫Knox and others promote Protestant beliefs ▫Knox imprisoned  Released – spends time in…  France  England  Frankfurt  Geneva

Scotland Knox returns to Scotland under Elizabeth I reign ▫Promotes Calvinist theories ▫Develops Presbyterian Church

France Close ties to Roman Catholicism King given title “Most Christian King” Very close ties of church and state Moderate tolerance with Protestantism until “Day of Placards”

Other Denominations Puritans ▫Protestants in England who wanted to do away with all religious practices similar to the Catholic church Quakers ▫Society of Friends: English Protestants that refused to take oaths, pay tithes to the church, serve in the military, and more ▫Persecuted by both Anglicans and Roman Catholics

Intolerance Grows Unity of Church and State in European countries ▫Permits intolerance for those not following state/church guidelines Some states erupt into Civil War Many flee to the colonies Do they experience… ▫Separation of Church and State ▫Religious Tolerance ….we will see! (tomorrow)