Matthew Facer, PhD Epidemiologic Studies Section, Office of AIDS California Department of Public Health A Brief Profile of HIV/AIDS Among Latinos in California

Part 1 Evolving Demography and HIV/AIDS Among Latinos in California

Racial/Ethnic Composition of California: Comparison of 1981 and 2006 Race/Ethnicity 1981 population (n = 24,277,674) 2006 population (n = 37,444,385) White 65.9% 65.9% 42.2% 42.2% African American 7.5% 7.5% 6.7% 6.7% Hispanic/Latino*20.2%36.4% Asian/Pacific Islander 5.8% 5.8%11.8% Native American 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% MultiracialN/A 2.0% 2.0% *All other race/ethnicity categories are Non-Hispanic

Latino Representation within General Population and Among AIDS Cases in California,

Persons Living with AIDS by Race/Ethnicity: Comparing 1996 to Change % Increase White20,18829,0448, % Hispanic/ Latino 7,89017,95110, % African American 6,43311,5345, % Asian/PI8151,8271, % Other % PLWA refers to persons living with AIDS as of December 31 of 1996 or 2006

Proportion of Cumulative Latino AIDS Cases by Reported Ethnicity in California (n = 33,759) * ‘Not Specified’ cases born in the U.S.; ‘Other’ cases have no information

Part 2 The Significance of Youth in HIV/AIDS Cases Among Latinos in California

Latino Representation in the Age Group in the California Population Relevance Over 86% of HIV and AIDS cases are in this age range at diagnosis

Gender-Specific Percentage of HIV/AIDS Cases Younger than 30 at Diagnosis by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity MaleFemaleTransgender HIV*AIDSHIV*AIDSHIV*AIDS White African American Hispanic/Latino Asian/PI Native American N/A *Includes only HIV cases reported via non-name code

Age Distribution of Cumulative Latino AIDS Cases by Reported Ethnicity in California Ranked by percent younger than 30

Part 3 The Significance of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in HIV/AIDS Cases Among Latinos in California

Mode of HIV Exposure Among Cumulative Adult/Adolescent Male AIDS Cases by Race/Ethnicity

Reported HIV Exposure of Cumulative Male Latino AIDS Cases by Ethnicity in California Ranked by percent in MSM category

HIV Tests and Results for Latino Male Clients in California by Risk, 2003–2006 Reported Risk Number of HIV Tests Positivity MSM (non IDU) IDU (non MSM) MSM and IDU HIV+ female partner Sex for money/drugs Sex worker partner Multiple sex partners No known risk 40,81910,8101, ,18710,68341,80923,9883.9%0.6%5.2%4.0%0.4%0.6%0.3%0.8% TOTAL139,3691.6% Note: ‘Number of HIV Tests’ includes clients with multiple HIV tests

Part 4 The Significance of Latinas in HIV/AIDS Cases Among Latinos in California

Mode of HIV Exposure Among Cumulative Adult/Adolescent Female AIDS Cases by Race/Ethnicity

Proportion of Females Among Cumulative AIDS Cases Within Each Ethnicity in California

Reported HIV Exposure of Cumulative Female Latina AIDS Cases by Ethnicity in California Ranked by percent in hetero. category

HIV Tests and Results for Latina Clients in California by Risk, 2003–2006 Reported Risk Number of HIV Tests PositivityIDU IDU sex partner HIV+ sex partner MSM partner Sex for money/drugs Multiple sex partners No known risk 5,4562,5141,4361,3384,11421,48828,3100.5%0.7%3.8%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.3% TOTAL65,6070.4% Note: ‘Number of HIV Tests’ includes clients with multiple HIV tests

Discussion Latino representation in California has increased steadily in both the general population and among AIDS cases Latino representation in California has increased steadily in both the general population and among AIDS cases  Latinos have comprised 35% of the population since 2005 and over 35% of AIDS cases diagnosed since 2000  Over the past 10 years, Latinos have accounted for the largest increase in the number of persons living with AIDS Over 55% of Latina AIDS cases have been reported with heterosexual contact as the mode of HIV exposure, the highest among all racial/ethnic groups except Asian/PI Over 55% of Latina AIDS cases have been reported with heterosexual contact as the mode of HIV exposure, the highest among all racial/ethnic groups except Asian/PI Latinos are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS at a significantly younger age than other racial/ethnic groups Latinos are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS at a significantly younger age than other racial/ethnic groups Significant ethnic diversity exists among Latino AIDS cases in California, and a “one size fits all” approach to addressing HIV/AIDS among Latinos may be ineffective Significant ethnic diversity exists among Latino AIDS cases in California, and a “one size fits all” approach to addressing HIV/AIDS among Latinos may be ineffective

Thank You. Contact information for HIV/AIDS Case Registry (Michael Donahue): Phone: (916) OR Visit the OA website:

Background: Obtaining Ethnic Information for Latino AIDS Cases All Latino AIDS cases diagnosed and reported through September 30, 2007 were extracted from HARS All Latino AIDS cases diagnosed and reported through September 30, 2007 were extracted from HARS  The data field ‘Expanded Race’ is designed to provide ethnic information (e.g., ‘Cuban’)  This field is sometimes left blank by providers (not required)  If ‘Expanded Race’ was missing, the field ‘Origin of Birth’ was used. This provides country of birth if not born the U.S.  This field is sometimes left blank by providers (not required) California Vital Statistics Master Death File California Vital Statistics Master Death File  Contains field ‘Hispanic Origin of Descent’  Periodic matches between HARS and this file provide ethnic information among AIDS cases that have died

Health Insurance Status and Household Income Level by Race/Ethnicity in California, 2006 Uninsured Below poverty Between 100% and 200% of poverty White10.6%7.5%13.0% Hispanic/ Latino 30.5%20.5%29.4% African American 16.0%21.5%20.1% Asian/PI17.5%11.0%14.2% Latinos comprised 56.7% of the 6.75 million Californians without health insurance in 2006