MISSOURI RIVER INNOVATIVE BANK STABILIZATION & AQUATIC & RIPARIAN HABITAT LEWIS & CLARK REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM, VERMILLION, SD.

Aerial shot fall Looking L & C project, approximately one mile between white arrows.

Our downstream key ties into the upstream section of a buried stone revetment for the highway bridge

Discussion of finer points inside & on-site. PRE-CON MEET-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/1/07

CONCEPTUALLY  Start with a standard bank protection plan that is well understood, well designed, & time tested (low degree of risk)  Add to this the hydraulically rough & environmentally desirable Extreme Locked Logs (113) plus 49,000 unrooted willow pole plantings within & through the riprap, & 59,300 rooted stock plants for the lower, mid, & upper bank areas. Then cover (choke) all exposed stone with soil & seed !!

Stabilization / habitat cross-section from HDR, Inc. CONSTRUCTION -MISSOURI L & C

Rock box keeps rock “clean” & speeds production. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-DERRICK-NOV 13, 2007

Tom Powell said they would wear it out, he was right! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW

MID-PROJECT KEYS {Straight trench perpendicular to high flow vectors, place willow poles on both sides in sloped bank area, fill with a 10 ft section of graded stone, backfill & compact 3 ft of soil, then seed}

Filling the key from the land side working toward the river. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/29/07

Looking at Key #6, now stone filled & soil backfilled. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Dec 13, 2007

LONGITUDINAL FILL STONE TOE PROTECTION {LFSTP} {Self-adjusting & self-filtering stone. Minimum 10 ft wide by 3 ft thick. Contractor placed 22,986 tons of stone for entire launchable toe.} (Amounts in actual construction have varied from 3.2 to 4.6 tons/ft. in concave & straight sections, to 6.3 to 8.4 tons/per ft. at convex areas (juts).

Looking US. 10 ft wide stone toe looking good! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/8/07

Looking US. Smoothing choke soil with the Bobcat. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-12/5/07

INSTALLATION OF THE EXTREME LOCKED LOGS

BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Looking US at Station Self- Adjusting LFSTP Locked Log

FUZZY EXTREME LOCKED LOG Cedar tree with lots of branches

Looking US. A cedar Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

Looking US. Scraping branches off of the lower 15 ft of the Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log so stone to trunk contact is made, & the Locked Log is truly locked in place. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

Looking US. Fuzzy Extreme Locked Log is locked in place CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

STONE TOE PROTECTION WITH INTEGRATED EXTREME LOCKED LOGS

Looking US. Note calm water between Locked Logs. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007 LFSTP 10 ft wide

Looking US. Soil choked toe stone in foreground, US stone not choked yet. Specs call for a minimum of 6 inches of soil over stone, contractor is placing one ft of soil to allow for settling. More soil is better. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

Looking US. Note slack water DS of all Locked Logs CONSTRUCTION -MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 13, 2007

EXTREME LOCKED LOGS CAN BE RETROFITTED INTO EXISTING PROJECTS

Looking DS. Irregular bankline mimics natural shore CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

Looking US. Turbulence off ends of ExLL with “flat” water DS. Note uneven shore & soil choked stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDRAULIC ATTRIBUTES GO HAND-IN-HAND ON THIS PROJECT

Looking self-adjusting toe stone & Extreme Locked Logs, natural bank US. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-NOV 15, 2007

EXTREME LOCKED LOGS WITH ICE

Looking DS at ice buildup US of natural jam. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

ICE MANAGEMENT FOR STABILIZATION/RESTORATION PROJECTS Increase roughness of the bank and near-bank aquatic area!!!  Ice will form first in slow water  Ice will be thickest in the slower water  Next the entire stream has an ice cover  Then the ice-out occurs  The thickest ice near the bank will stay put so that plants are not sheared & smaller stones are not plucked

Ice surrounding ExLL fends off moving ice floes. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

Looking DS. Different thickness of ice show current directions and different velocities. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

Looking DS. Natural jam with ExLL US & DS. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

Looking DS. Natural jam with ExLL US & DS. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

Looking US. Close-up of ice surrounding ExLL. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

PLANT PLANTS WITH VERY LARGE YELLOW MACHINES

BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Looking US at Station Self- Adjusting LFSTP Riprap blanket on 3 to 1 slope, 3 ft thick, with 49,000 integrated willow pole plantings in 4 rows Locked Log

Terry Stoltenow, construction inspector with HDR, Inc. with 6-7 ft long bundled willows CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

MISSOURI LEWIS & CLARK FT 9 FT June-Sept K= June-Sept K= Target nav. stage 31K= June-Sept K= Height of toe stone 28K= Field analysis-willows grow well from +3 to +7 ft above the 1122 ft flow=1125 to 1129 Vadose zone-field analysis shows 3 ft above stage to Use this one Basal ends of willows should be at ele Min. 6 inches soil 3 on 1 slope River flow elevations during growing season 4 on 1 slope

MISSOURI LEWIS & CLARK Basal ends of willows should be at ele on 1 slope 4 on 1 slope First two rows of willows are 6-7 ft long Uphill two rows willows are 9 ft long Soil choke

THE BUCKET TEETH TICKLER SLIT TRENCH METHOD

Pull bucket back 8”, lean willow poles against stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Dec 13, 2007

Looking US. All 4 rows of willows CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Dec 12, 2007

Looking US at willows & stone. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-DEC 11, 2007

All 4 rows of willow integrated into riprap & soil choked CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Dec 12, 2007

ALL CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE EXCEPT FOR INSTALLATION OF THE UPPER BANK ROOTED- STOCK PLANTINGS (and the small area where the dredge boat is moored)

Looking DS. Ice jam has raised river at toe. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

Looking US. River frozen, some tops of Locked Logs visible, pole plantings, & upper bank sloped to 4 on 1. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

Looking US. Nature is curvaceous, us too !! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008 Edge of stone toe

Looking US. Rough grade slows downslope runoff. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

Looking willow pole plantings. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

Looking US. Keyways (foreground) were not planted with willow poles but can be vegetated in the spring with rooted-stock willows, cottonwoods & dogwoods. CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Feb 25, 2008

PLANT PLANTS WITH A MUCH SMALLER MACHINE 59,300 bare root plants {even amount of cottonwood & red osier dogwood} were installed on a 4 to 1 slope from elevation 1130 up to top of bank during March 26 - May 4, 2008.

BANK CROSS-SECTION FROM HDR., INC Bank sloped at 4 to 1 with 59,300 rooted-stock plants in anywhere from 6 to 16 rows (dependant on bank height).

Ancient two seat single row planter was used to plant 8,000 rooted stock plants per day, finished 4/3/2008 CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-4/3/08

Lower bank was seeded by hand. Seed was hand raked in. All areas were mulched with straw (one large round bale for every 17,500 sq. ft) CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-4/24/08

5 ft wide “fluffy seed” planter was used for the upper bank (uphill from the rows of willows), seeding completed 4/28/2008 CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-6/12/08

PROJECT COMPLETE APRIL 28, MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE

Tom’s crew was installing 2,000 tons of stone & 2,000 willows a day!!! That is a dump truck every 3 minutes!! CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI L & C-DERRICK-Nov 16, 2007

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS 3 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION {LOOKING US TO DS} August 1, 2008

From US looking our project & highway bridge 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up looking L & C project & highway bridge. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

3 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick August 1, 2008

Looking 4 rows of willows 3 months after planting. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up rows of willows. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Close-up of willow, typical growth=22” to 54” during first 3 months 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Mid to upper bank plantings. Cottonwoods 22” to 48” tall, Red Osier Dogwoods 16” to 31” tall. 3 ft between rows, anywhere from 12” to 18” spacing between plants in a row. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Red Osier Dogwood on mid & upper bank is 16” to 31” tall. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking some minor gullying. This should self-heal. 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

From upper section of project looking DS toward bridge. Willow, cottonwood & dogwood growth 3 months after planting is robust 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking Locked Logs (some are underwater) 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking Locked Logs. None of the 113 logs have been lost!! 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Looking uneven bankline, plantings & Extreme Locked Logs 3 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

THIS PROJECT WON THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR’S “PARTNERS IN CONSERVATION” AWARD IN 2009

16 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION (1.5 GROWING SEASONS) Photos by Derrick AUGUST 6, 2009

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking willow & cottonwood growth (up to 6 ft for both). 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking dense & robust willow growth. Coverage of ground is excellent here. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking willow & cottonwood growth. Growth & cover on ground not as robust here. Soil choke has fallen into voids between rocks, but not a significant problem. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking cottonwood (some up to 6 ft tall) & red osier dogwood growth. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS. Stage is about 1.5 ft higher than in 2008 (1 ft over the longitudinal fill stone toe). Many Locked Logs are underwater, none have been lost. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. River stage is 1.5 ft higher than summer Many Locked Logs submerged, all are still in place. Overall vegetation growth is very good to excellent. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Overall project performance has been very good to excellent. Some wave action has removed soil choke from stone at edge of river, but looks no worse than summer 2008 condition. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Close-up of willow growth. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking shoreline. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Cottonwood seedlings everywhere, including at water’s edge. Good shallow edge habitat here. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM OF THE PROJECT 16 MONTHS LATER Photos by Derrick AUGUST 6, 2009

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking the downstream key rock self-adjusting into the river. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

16 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS of the project. Note stone from the highway bridge key is launching into the river. The left bank at the bridge eroded a measured 300 ft in 10 years. 16 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS (2.5 GROWING SEASONS) AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Derrick August 6, 2010

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking the project. All green, note erosion DS of the project 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-From the bridge, looking the robust project & the erosion DS of the project. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-From bridge, looking robust project & at DS erosion 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking bank erosion immediately DS of the project that stretches all the way to the bridge. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking cottonwoods, willows, & good grass coverage. Some variation in survivability & size, but overall great veg coverage over the entire project. Most willows are 40” to 60”, with some up to 100 inches tall. Cottonwoods average 50 to 70 inches tall, some up to 114” tall. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking riverside willows. Note the large amount of volunteer cottonwood seedlings. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking willows underwater. High flow has inundated the 10 ft wide launchable toe stone. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Note slower water over the top of the Locked Logs, faster water further out in the river. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking robust willow growth & slower water over the top of the Locked Logs. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking close-up of robust willows, high water over toe stone, & uneven bankline. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking US. Overall view of vegetated project bank & existing forest (mature trees) 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking robust cottonwood growth 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking cottonwoods. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Trunk diameter of up to 1 ¼ inches found on some cottonwoods 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking DS. In areas where planted veg was not robust, typically grasses were performing well. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking cottonwoods. Bare soil areas as shown here are relatively rare. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS edge of water with inundated willows. Some floating wood & many frogs here. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking planted willows & many volunteer cottonwood seedlings in water. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking uneven bankline with willows in water. Most Locked Logs are under high water. Hundreds of frogs living along the river, many more than on an eroding bank. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking riverside willows. Note flat water around Locked US end of project. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking willows over riprap. I expected them to be taller, most are 40” to 60”, with some up to 100 inches tall. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-In some areas insects are eating leaves off of the willows, many small branches were bare. 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

28 MONTHS LATER-Looking robust growth over a long reach of the project. Uneven bankline looks good 28 MONTHS LATER- MISSOURI & C-PIX BY DERRICK

Stream Project Functions: Fully functioning both hydraulically & environmentally. Multiple protection redundancy. Extreme Locked Logs move scour & thalweg away from attacked bank & should recruit SWD & LWD. Self- adjusting toe stone provides protection against scour. Riprap revetment provides direct armor protection. Vegetation roughness reduces near-bank flow velocities & invites deposition. Plant roots strengthen bank & bind soil.

 Provides a positive alternative & guide for large-scale bank stabilization  Soil choking, rooted stock plants, & Extreme Locked Logs & can be retro- fitted to many existing projects  Project monitoring will provide insight into hydraulic & environmental functions of the techniques used  Lessons learned can be used to refine future river projects HOW WILL THIS PROJECT POSITIVELY EFFECT THE RECOVERY OF THE MISSOURI RIVER?

CONSTRUCTION-MISSOURI & C-TERRY STOLTENOW-11/29/07

The end 55 pounds of high-speed trouble at rest!! Cleophus Speed Elvis Derrick