The Roadmap to REDD Implementation in Tanzania: Potential Challenges and Opportunities Pius Z. Yanda, Emma T. Liwenga & Claude G. Mung’ong’o Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam P.O. Box Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

WHAT IS REDD ? Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation REDD is based on the idea of rewarding individuals, communities, projects and countries that reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions from forests. REDD is seen as a significant, cheap, quick and win-win way to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 2

REDD is based on the idea of reward: – individuals, – communities, – projects and – countries – that reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions from forests.

Why REDD? – Has the potential to deliver large cuts in emissions at a low cost within a short time frame – Enhances biodiversity conservation – Enhances ecosystem management – Contributes to reducing poverty Hence: Enhance sustainable development

Can REDD payment alone be an incentive ? Not sure Consider – Opportunity costs – Ecosystem management costs – Monitoring and evaluation

How can sustainable development be achieved through REDD initiative? Enhancement of ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation – Effective conservation of ecosystems – Provision of alternative livelihoods e.g. beekeeping - – Provision of alternative sources of fuel wood through establishment of woodlots

How can it be achieved? Contribution to reducing poverty – Supporting rural development activities with funding from REDD Fund – Promotion of environmentally friendly livelihood activities like beekeeping – Through incomes from carbon market

Which forests would be appropriate for REDD? Catchment forests Forests high in biodiversity resources Forests in fragile landscapes

Issues for Consideration during REDD Implementation

Who Qualifies for Rewards Who owns forests at different levels? Who deserves payments at the national, sub-national, community and household levels? How do we deal with legal and illegal deforestation? E.g. deforestation for livelihoods? How do we graduate rewarding packages at the individual levels on the basis of compliance?

Who Qualifies for Rewards Are forests in the public land also public? Do villagers know which forests belong to their village? Do individual households in the villages own forests ? How do we reverse the REDD philosophy so as to reward stewardship at the community level ?

What is the Appropriate Timing for the Reward When will an individual begin to be paid? If it is as per the present REDD concept, what happens to individuals during the realization phase? Should we use holistic approach with combined adaptation and mitigation by emphasizing on ecosystem services? In this regard then should we see benefits to be cumulative and gradual, payment for REDD being one of the medium and long-term ecosystem benefits?

Rewarding Approach What will be the rewarding arrangement? Should the out-grower approach be applied? What will be the basis for payment under such arrangement? Alternatively, are the rewarding package under PFM adequate for REDD? Can we improvise PFM packages to suit REDD rewarding scheme?

Rewarding Approach Should we consider rewarding arrangements through improvement of landscape management with the aim of promoting land productivity? But then how does one discriminate those individuals that have not complied? How does one reward individuals on the basis of compliance?

Social Issues How do we control land grabbing and marginalization of the poor anticipating commercialization of trees through REDD? How do we discourage shifting cultivation and enhance productivity per unit area? How do we reduce dependence on fuel wood and charcoal as major sources of energy? What are the implications to gender relations of transforming trees as a cash crop to the household livelihoods

How Are We Addressing these Issues

Stakeholders Consultations Zonal Stakeholders consultation are underway in eight zones Two have been conducted Issues covered during consultations are: – Lessons learned from PFM and WMA – Incentive schemes – Benefit sharing mechanisms – Participatory monitoring – Drivers of deforestation – Governance and tenure

Next Steps National Stakeholders workshop – Results from zonal stakeholders consultations – In-depth studies reports Expert groups meetings to review thematic areas Drafting of National REDD Strategy Sharing draft with stakeholders for further improvement 19

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