Monday April 28 th 2014 QU: Write a sentence that includes the word evolved. *You need your book for the rest of the year!!* *Make up test: Schedule time* OBJ: Intro to Evolution

Tuesday April 29 th 2014 QU: Describe what Darwin Discovered *You need your book for the rest of the year!!* *Turn in Ch 14 Homework to Bin* OBJ: Notes, Fossil Work

Lamarck was rejected because his mechanism by which evolution occurred was not supported by DATA

Lamarck’s Observation: Inheritance of acquired characteristics: –If a Kangaroo strengthened their legs by jumping a lot they could pass that strength on. *Found to be incorrect*

More offspring are produced that can possibly survive. BUT populations tend to remain stable AND there are limited resources Observation #1

SO the inference is: There is a struggle for survival and not all individuals will survive Aphaenogaster tipunaAphaenogaster tipuna ants fighting over food

Organisms display a lot of variety in their characteristics Much of this variety is inherited OBSERVATION #2

Inference #2 : Those individuals whose inherited traits that best fit them to their particular environment will leave more offspring

Inference #3 : This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will cause a gradual change in the population

1) Individuals DO NOT EVOLVE.Populations evolve 2) Evolution is not caused by a NEED of an individual. 3) Surviving does not contribute to evolution alone. There also has to be reproduction 4) Adaptations depend on the environment

To observe evolution scientists use a variety of techniques: 1.) Fossil Record 2.) Homologous Structures 3.) Vestigial Structures 4.) Amino Acid Sequencing Evolution: change over time

Fossils cont. Type of Rock fossils are found in: –Mostly sedimentary rock Jellyfish or worm fossil? –Usually not because only have soft tissue Most soft tissue decays or is eaten

Fossils: preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past. Fossil Record: chronological collection of life’s remains in sedimentary rock layers.

Fitness Measure of reproductive success of an organism in passing its genes to the next generation

WedNesday April 30 th 2014 QU: What does it mean to be fit? **Chapter 14 Test Tuesday May 6 th ** *Turn in Fossil Records Lab to HW bin* OBJ: Over Chapter 13 Test, Over Ch 14 Sec 1 HW, Ch 14 Notes

Comparative Anatomy: is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms

Homologous Structures: Structural similarity found in more than one species that share a common ancestor –May be used for different activities

Homologous structures that are function in some animals, but nonfunctional in others. (Often are reduced in size)

TAIL

Analogous Structures Similar structures that evolved independently are called analogous structures, or analogies. The wings of a dragonfly and of a bird –In fact they are also analogous to the wing of a 747 (jet)

Universality of the Genetic Code: A G C and T Codons “code for” amino acid order… Biochemical: studying the similarities and differences in the amino acid sequences of species to determine relatedness

Codons “code for” amino acid order The more similar the amino acid order the more similar the protein sequence. The more similar the protein sequence the more similar the attributes. The more similar the individual attributes the more similar the individuals……

Thursday May 1 st 2014 QU: In your own words describe Natural Selection. OBJ: Over Fossil Lab, Amino Acid and Homologous Structures Lab

Monday May 2 nd 2014 QU: What is the difference between homologous structures and vestigial structures? *Ch 14 Test Tomorrow* OBJ: Over Amino Acid Lab, Review for Test

Tuesday May 6 th 2014 QU: How did you study for this test? *Turn in Ch 14 Review to HW Bin* OBJ: Chapter 14 Test

Chapter 14 Binder List All Hand Written Notes Chapter 14 Section 1 Questions Interpreting Events from Fossil Evidence Chapter 14 Quiz 1 Amino Acid Clocks Darwin’s Natural Selection Worksheet Chapter 14 Review

Comparative embryology: Looking at how organisms develop and recognizing similarities in development

Population Group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

GENE POOL Gene Pool: ALL of the alleles in ALL of the individuals that make up a population. *Think of it as a reservoir from which the next generation draws its genes.*

The gene pool is where all of the GENETIC VARIATION in a population is stored. Variation:Differences among individuals of the same species Meiosis shuffles all of these genes around to create “FRESH” combinations.

Gene Flow: When new individuals of the species move into or out of the region, it can affect the gene pool. Because new individuals add new genes to the population. This affects the number of alleles in the gene pool as well as the types of alleles in the gene pool: At one time the only people in North America were once Native Americans. Immigration from other parts of the world over the last several hundred years has changed the gene pool a lot.

Artificial Selection: selective breeding of plants and animals to produce offspring with genetic traits that humans value. Recent molecular evidence shows that dogs are descended from the gray wolf, domesticated about 130,000 years ago. But if they all share a common ancestor, why do toy poodles and Great Danes seem to have little in common? Years of selective breeding by humans has resulted in the artificial "evolution" of dogs into many different types.

Antibiotics Medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria

Tuesday May 14 th 2013 QU: Describe how the gene flow affects the gene pool. **CH 14 Test Tomorrow** *Ch 14 Review Due tomorrow* OBJ: Review for Test tomorrow

A) Divergent evolution  results in homologous structures B) Convergent evolution  results in analogous structures