EXCRETION The life process of excretion involves removal of waste products of metabolism-

These include- Carbon dioxide from respiration Nitrogen-containing wastes from digestion of proteins Excess heat, water, and salts

The organs of excretion include- Lungs Skin (sweat glands) Liver kidneys

The functioning unit of the kidney Is the nephron-here’s where the “filtering” takes place. Each kidney has thousands of nephrons

Urinary bladder, Ureters, and Urethra- Are part of the urinary system, which removes these wastes from the body. The large intestine, and its contents (poopies), are NOT part of the excretory system

DISORDERS of excretory system High blood pressure, diabetes, and infection are a few things that can disrupt kidney function and thereby disrupt homeostasis Medication, and in severe cases, dialysis or transplant, can restore homeostasis

COORDINATION Dynamic equilibrium Describes the constant small corrections that keep the internal environment of an organism within the limits needed to survive. Maintains homeostasis

Control and coordination- are the jobs of the nervous system and the endocrine system. Together, these systems control and coordinate many of the body’s responses to changes in its environment.

The nervous system includes Brain Spinal cord Nerves

The functioning unit of the nervous system is the Neuron. A neuron receives a message from another neuron when that cell secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter. The chemical causes a change that is passed along the neuron.

When the change reaches the end of that neuron- it secretes a neurotransmitter that send a message to another neuron. Receptor molecules on the membranes of neurons detect the neurotransmitter chemicals.

The endocrine system Receptor molecules are also used for communication between cells by hormones. Hormones are produced in the endocrine glands, such as pituitary and pancreas,

Hormones travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.

DISORDERS of nervous system Accidents can cause concussion or brain damage-wear a helmet and seat belt for prevention Trauma during birth can cause cerebral palsy Other disorders include MS, ALS, Parkinson’s disease, treated with medication

DISORDERS of endocrine system Lack of production of certain hormones can cause metabolic disorders Many of these can be treated by medication Diabetes is a disorder in the production of insulin