Back in the U.S.A….

Post-Latin American Revolutions 1822 –Latin America had become a profitable trading market for U.S. and Britain 1823 –Monroe Doctrine – declared the Americas was no longer open for colonization by any European powers and to not interfere in their affairs.

Manifest Destiny Purchase of Louisiana Purchase –Napoleon sold to U.S. in 1803 (prez - Jefferson) Mexican-American War ( ) –American victory: receives Texas, California, Arizona, and New Mexico = NATIONALISM

Rise of Sectionalism **Sectionalism – extreme devotion to the interests of 1 part or region of the country North – industries & cities/South & West – agriculture

Slavery **plantation – large farm worked usually by slaves Most believed that slavery should not be allowed to spread outside the Southern states **abolitionists – a person acting to end slavery (mostly Northerners)

Tariff Policy **tariff – tax on goods brought into a country Northern businesspeople want to protect their industries from foreign competition Southerners traded mainly with Europe: cotton, tobacco, and other agricultural products for manufactured goods

Tensions increase Political differences: Democrats (proslavery, low-tariff) VS Republicans (antislavery, high-tariff) Northerners dominate (more states & larger population) = Southerners threaten to secede **secede – to withdraw formally from a group or the national government

South secedes Nov – Lincoln elected president –Over next 3 months: S. Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Texas seceded from the U.S. (The Union) –Formed the Confederate States of America – Spring 1861: North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas join Confederacy

U.S. Civil War **Confederacy – alliance of Southern states after they withdrew from the Union **Union – the states that remained loyal to the national government and opposed the Confederacy Fighting breaks out on April 2, 1861 and lasts until April 1865 –Most of the fighting takes place in the Southern states marked with bloodshed and destruction

End of the War Northern victory in 1865 = Southern states rejoin the Union and ended slavery Lincoln assassinated in April before he could “bind up the wounds of the nation” **Reconstruction – the period after the Civil War ( ) when the Southern states were occupied by Northern troops

Reconstruction Reunification controlled by Radial Republicans –Made it difficult for the South to rejoin –Southern states occupied by Northern troops + lost political rights = kept sectional bitterness alive for long after war ended