European Claims in the Americas Unit 1 #3 Map of Colonial America circa 1689

France vs. Britain Colonial Interests vary –France’s interests Fur trading Converting natives to Catholicism –Britain’s interests Settle new territories Developing towns/cities Use a market for produced goods Colonial Differences –French Friendlier relations w/ natives Population growth to 70,000 –British Multiple conflicts w/ natives Population growth of over 1,000,000

French & Indian War BACKGROUND:  Series of wars from1689 – 1763 between Britain & France  Viewed in Europe as unimportant, fighting took place away from European land  War aims for Americans was domination of the eastern part of the continent FFrench built Fort Duquesne in 1754 in the Ohio territory EEnglish built Fort Necessity, led by Geo. Washington. GGW is defeated FFrench have several victories, allied w/ many natives…initially  September 1759, took a turn for the British  British won some battles, allied w/ strong Iroquis  Ended w/ the Treaty of Paris in 1763

Treaty of Paris  Direct Results: –Britain claimed all of North America east of the Mississippi River, including Florida –Spain gained lands west of the Mississippi, including New Orleans –France kept control of some islands near Newfoundland & in the West Indies

In-direct Results of the French & Indian War  Native Americans: –Big losers are Native Americans Natives recognized that British victory will bring about more settlers Natives will negotiate treaties to end hostilities –Proclamation of 1763, banned all settlement west of the line. –British had trouble enforcing this law  British/American Relations: –British cracked down on colonial smuggling –British maintained troops in colonies, used colonies to pay for added expense of troops & war –British Parliament passed Sugar Act

Sugar Act Lowered the duty on molasses –C–Colonists would pay smaller tax, rather than risk smuggling Placed duties on certain imports –E–Examples: coffee, certain wines Strengthened enforcement –S–Smuggling cases would be tried in royal (vice-admiralty) courts rather than colonial courts End of 1764 Colonists & British are disagreeing on such issues of taxation, government & enforcement of policies.

Beginnings of the American Revolution Drawn by Ben Franklin in 1754 First political cartoon, appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette Encouraging colonies to unite