The sixteenth century Alderney crystal: a calcite as an efficient reference optical compass? by Albert Le Floch, Guy Ropars, Jacques Lucas, Steve Wright,

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The sixteenth century Alderney crystal: a calcite as an efficient reference optical compass? by Albert Le Floch, Guy Ropars, Jacques Lucas, Steve Wright, Trevor Davenport, Michael Corfield, and Michael Harrisson Proceedings A Volume 469(2153): May 8, 2013 ©2013 by The Royal Society

(a) The Alderney crystal (5×3×2.3 cm). Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Case of an unpolarized light impinging on a calcite crystal. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Case of a linearly polarized light. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

(a) Case of a partially polarized light. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) spectra for the bulk of a freshly collected calcite crystal and of the Alderney crystal. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Mg2+–Ca2+ exchanges on calcite surface for a crystal partially immersed in a solution of MgNO3 in water. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Mg2+–Ca2+ exchanges on calcite surface for a crystal partially immersed in sea water. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Comparative roughness measurements obtained with a Taylor-Hobson surface profiler. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Typical perturbations of a magnetic compass by one of the excavated cannon of the Alderney ship. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Typical measured sky irradiances at twilight on 18 April 2011 at 48°07′ N, 1°41′ W. (a) The successive photographs are taken within 10 min intervals. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Typical bearing of the Sun at during twilight for low irradiances. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Sun tracking experiment (see panel a). Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Heating of a calcite crystal. Albert Le Floch et al. Proc. R. Soc. A 2013;469: ©2013 by The Royal Society