Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Polish participation in fixed target experiments at CERN ( ) NA48 & NA48.1 running NA49 NA59 (COMPASS) NA47 (SMC) running WA98 completed J.P.Nassalski RECFA, Warsaw

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Sources of funds Budget of Institutes: - salaries of physicists and PhD students, - all overheads: electricity, heating, phones, faxes… (ex.: average for SINS: 42kzł (10.4kЄ) /year / ) It will be not accounted for in experimental budgets. Funds for „Special Projects and Equipment” (SPUB) from the fundning agency (KBN): - building detectors, - contributions to Common Funds, - travel, - local infrastructure (computers, …), - supplements to salaries.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Grants from KBN (typically 100kzł /year in total): - can not be used for Common Funds, - used to supplement SPUB for specific items, - there are special grants to support PhD students and young researchers. Funds from bilateral agreements (PL-D, PL-F, …): used for the exchange of physicists between collaborating Institutes. Funds from EU.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, NA48

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies: High Energy Physics Department, Department of Nuclear Detectors and Electronics Institution Participants 4 physicists 2 electronics engineers 1 PhD student 1 diploma student only 1 physicist continued in NA48.1

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Year: kzł: (1Є=4zł) a 40% common funds, 24% travel, 17% overheads, 13% salaries, 5% equipment, … In addition: 1 PhD grant of 23kzł. a ) Common fund for NA48.1 Budget for experiment ( does not include personnel costs covered by Institutes)

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Hardware responsabilities Design, making a prototype, testing after production and maintenance of: 60 modules of Fastbus Clock Fanout, 65 modules of Fastbus Optoisolated Cluster Interconnect, 30 modules of VME FOL-RIO Interface.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Contributions to physics analysis Parallel analysis for: search for light gluino, 1 PhD, K S lifetime, Contributions to systematics: 1 diploma, η and K 0 mass.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Highlights World data on COMBINED RESULT FROM ALL EXPERIMENTS: ε’/ε = (16.6 ± 1.6) · 10 -4

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, K 0, η masses and K 0 lifetime In 2002: higher precision than that of PDG2000 and 1.7σ above it, consistent with PDG2000 and with a similar error, 2.4 times higher precision than that of PDG2000 and it differs from it by 4.2σ.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw,

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Event display: ~1200 charged particles NA49 Large Acceptance Hadron Spectrometer for the study of Heavy Ion Collisions

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Institutions Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (SINS), High Energy Physics Department, Warsaw, Warsaw University (WU), Institute of Experimental Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science (INP), Kraków, Świętokrzyska Academy (SA), Kielce (since April 2002).

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Participants (2005) InstitutionPhysicistsPhD students Diploma students SINS 2 1 WU 1 1 INP 3 1 SA Total students obtained diploma in

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Budget for experiment ( does not include personnel costs covered by Institutes) Year: Institute: (SINS+ WU+INP) a SA b In addition: a ) 3000Є from PL-D b ) 75kЄ from Helmholtz Gemeinschaft ( ) 30% travel, 27% salaries, 16% equipment, 16% overheads, …  kzł

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Main results First beam 1996, last 2002, analysis goes on. Main goal: search for QGP in HI collisions Main results (whole collaboration): Strangeness enhancement in central Pb-Pb collisions, Collective behaviour (HBT, flow), Non-monotonic energy dependence of strangeness production.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Main results of Cracow & Warsaw groups: 1) Evolution of baryon stopping from p-p to p-Pb to Pb-Pb, 2) Non-statistical fluctuations in p t, 3) Nuclear modification factor in p-Pb.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Evolution of net baryon number:

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Nuclear modification factor in p-Pb

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Kielce group in NA49 collaboration The group was involved in collecting the data at the SPS and now it participates in the data analysis. It is responsible for the magnetic field calibration via K 0 mass reconstruction and the recalibration of the Veto calorimeter. The group performs the analysis to determine: fluctuations of multiplicity & p T ; collective flow of  hyperons; production of K 0*. In October 2004 the group organized the International Workshop on Future of Nuclear Collisions at High Energies.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, NA58 COMMON MUON and PROTON APPARATUS for STRUCTURE and SPECTROSCOPY

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (SINS), High Energy Physics Department, Warsaw University (WU), Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Institute of Radioelectronics. Institutions

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, InstitutionPhysicists/ Engineers PhD students Diploma students SINS WU WUT 2 3 Total Participants (2005) One PhD student from SINS graduated in 2004 and left COMPASS.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Year: Institute: SINS+WU WTU % travel, 22% common funds, 19% overheads, 16% salaries, 6% equipment, … In addition: 2 PhD grants, 50kzł in total, „Polonium”, Saclay-SINS, 1.7kЄ for travel in Budget for experiment ( does not include personnel costs covered by Institutes)  kzł 180kzł shared between COMPASS and SMC.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Contributions to hardware Construction of an additional SciFi detector to be used for tracking in the beam region (from 2006). Contributions to general purpose software Alternative algorithm of track reconstruction, Alignment of data taken in 2002 – 2004, Implementation of additional scintillator hodoscopes used to determine beam momentum, Radiative corrections and dilution factor.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Physics program of COMPASS (as in the Proposal) Nucleon spin structure, using muon beam:  Gluon polarisation ΔG(x)/G(x),  Quark polarisation of different flavours Δq(x),  Transverse spin distribution function Δ T q(x),  Spin-dependent fragmentation function ΔD q Λ.. Hadron spectroscopy, using hadron beams:  Primakoff reactions,  Polarisability of π and K,  Glueballs and hybrids,  Semileptonic decays of charmed hadrons,  Double-charmed barions.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Contributions to physics analysis ΔG(x)/G(x) from events with hadron pairs at large p t, ΔG(x)/G(x) from events with D *, Search for Φ(1860) pentaquark (parallel analysis), A 1 d at small x and Q 2 (parallel analysis), Spin matrix elements for exclusive ρ 0 production (parallel analysis), A 1 d for exclusive ρ 0 production (parallel analysis), A 1 d for identified hadrons. Warsaw group has experience from previous CERN muon experiments: EMC  NMC  SMC  COMPASS.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, ΔG/G from large p t ΔG/G = 0.06 ± 0.31 stat. ± 0.06 syst. 2002/03 data Q 2 > 1 GeV 2 GSA,B,C: T. Gehrmann and W. Sterling, Z. Phys. C65 (1994) 461. = 0.13 ± 0.08

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, D 0 signal (  ΔG) D* D 0 π s (K π) π s

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, /03 data Q 2 > 1 GeV 2 x·g 1 d (x)

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Prospects The only fixed target experiment considered so far for running in mid-term planning ( ) at CERN. Possible new item in the future physics program: measurements of GPD (within the EU „Hadron Physics”): polish group contributes 73kЄ in to build a prototype of recoil detector as a joint project of Bonn, Mainz, Saclay and Warsaw.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, NA47 (SMC)

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, End of data taking: Institutions: SINS (5 physicists + 1PhD), WU (1 + 1PhD), WUT (2 engineers), Experimental budget in the reporting period: in , 180kzł shared between SMC and COMPASS, 5 publications since 1999: 3 technical + 2 on physics:  1999: A 1 p,d at small x and Q 2,  2004: ΔG/G from events with hadrons at large p t. In both cases – a major role in the analysis (1 PhD from each activity). All of physicists are now in COMPASS.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Low x trigger implemented by Warsaw group

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, WA98

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, End of data taking: 1996, Institutions: SINS (3 physicists +1PhD), SA (1 pysicist), WUT (1 engineer); 2 PhDs *) Experimental budget *) : 200kzł. ~20 publications *) *) in

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Interferometry of Direct Photons in Central 208 Pb+ 208 Pb Collisions at 158AGeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(2004) Two-particle correlations of direct photons were measured in central 208 Pb+ 208 Pb collisions at 158 AGeV. The invariant interferometric radii were extracted for 100 < K T < 300 MeV/c and compared to radii extracted from charged pion correlations. The yield of soft direct photons, K T < 300 MeV/c, was extracted from the correlation strength and compared to theoretical calculations. FIG. 4: Yield of direct photons extracted from the strength of the two-photon correlation (closed circles) and by the statistical subtraction method (open circles, or arrows indicating upper limits) [6]. Total statistical plus systematical errors are shown.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, One-, Two- and Three-Particle Distributions from 158A GeV/c Central Pb+Pb Collisions, Phys. Rev C67(2003)014906

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Thank you

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Large CPV effect seen in... K L  π + π - e + e -, confirming KTeV result: A Φ = (14.2 ± 3.6)% A Φ = (13.6 ± 2.8)% BR = (3.08 ± 0.20) ·10 -7 BR = (3.2 ± 0.7 ) ·10 -7 in agreement with predictions.... but not in K S  π + π - e + e - (only NA48 data): BR = (4.69 ± 0.30) ·10 -5 A Φ = (0.5 ± 4.3)% as expected, indicating that A Φ ≠ 0 in K L is genuine effect.

Jan P. NassalskiRECFA, Warsaw, Evolution of non-statistical p t fluctuations with centrality: