The Islamic World After Muhammad Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 2 Unit 2 Chapter 6 Section 4 Unit 2 Chapter 8 Section 4

What to do when Muhammad dies Caliph – Successor to Muhammad Abu Bakr – First Caliph

Unification of Arab People Abu Bakr unites Arab tribes and begins fighting others to expand Arab Empire –Syria (Byzantine controlled): 640 CE –Egypt/Northern Africa: 642 CE –Former Eastern Persian Empire (up to India): 650 CE Empire stretches from west of India to Spain –Empire is stopped before it enters France and Constantinople

Governing the Conquered Christians and Jews were allowed to continue practicing –Considered “People of the Book” –Only had to be loyal to rule and pay taxes

Leadership Mu’awiyah makes Caliphate hereditary –Caliphs come from the same family –Forms the Umayyad dynasty

Sunni vs. Shi’a Hussein – Leader of Arab uprising within Umayyad Dynasty –Hussein and his men are all killed in battle Split derives from leadership –Shi’a – Believes only descendents from Muhammad should be leaders of Islam –Sunni – Accepts leaders not directly related to Muhammad

Abbasid Dynasty (750 CE) Intended to be less corrupt than Umayyad Capital moved from Damascus to Baghdad (762 CE) –Baghdad becomes economic center of Asia (river and land route) Arab and Non-Arab Muslim division broken down Conquered cultures being absorbed into Islamic society Trade continued throughout the empire, including west and south Africa which provided… –Slaves

Fatimid Dynasty 973 CE – Become the center of Islamic civilization Located on Nile –Gives access to the Mediterranean and the Red Sea

Islam in Africa 641 – Arabs take Egypt Early 700’s – Arabs rule northern and western Africa Occupied along Red Sea Spreads along northern Sahara likely from trade routes In east, Islam combined with elements of African spiritualism

Islamic Art & Literature A blending of Arab, Turkish and Persian styles Unique examples include Mosques, castles and various works The Quran, the Rubiyat of Omar Khayyam and the Arabian Nights are the most well known works

Islamic Math and Science Gave us zero and algebra Scientifically proved the earth was round Gave us an astrolabe that allowed sailors to track their position Ibn Sina – Writes a medical journal used for centuries after –Discoveries included disease could spread through contaminated water

Instruction for Quotes Activity 1. Read each of the eight quotes. 2. Select one of them that is the most interesting to you. 3.On a separate sheet of paper, write the quote down. 4.In one paragraph, explain what it means to someone who might not understand it. 5.In a second paragraph, explain what it means to you personally. Your paper should have one quote and two paragraphs. Turn it in before trivia tomorrow!