National Adaptation Programme of Actions (NAPAs) Moving From Assessment And Planning To Action By Mozaharul Alam Research Fellow Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) Climate Change and Sustainable Development: An international workshop to strengthen research and understanding 7-8 April New Delhi, India

About Presentation Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC Steps and Processes of NAPA Preparation – Annotated Guideline Steps and Processes of NAPA Preparation – Annotated Guideline Status of Completion of NAPAs Status of Completion of NAPAs Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Elements and Status of Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA Elements and Status of Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA Some Remarks Some Remarks

Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC Article 4.9 of the Convention (Special Situation of LDC) Article 4.9 of the Convention (Special Situation of LDC) Take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the LDCs in their actions Take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the LDCs in their actions Funding and technology transfer Funding and technology transfer Characteristics of LDCs Characteristics of LDCs Low GDP/capita Low GDP/capita Low level of human development Low level of human development Dependent mostly on a single economic activities – natural resource base Dependent mostly on a single economic activities – natural resource base Low level of adaptive capability Low level of adaptive capability

Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC SB 13 in Lyon, France in September 2000 SB 13 in Lyon, France in September 2000 Formation of LDC Group Formation of LDC Group Geneva; October 2000 Geneva; October 2000 NAPA Concept Born NAPA Concept Born COP6 in the Hague in November 2000 COP6 in the Hague in November 2000 NAPA Officially Proposed NAPA Officially Proposed Kampala, Uganda in April 2001 (before SB 14) Kampala, Uganda in April 2001 (before SB 14) Developed first draft of the guideline for NAPA Developed first draft of the guideline for NAPA

Brief History of LDC Group and NAPA within UNFCCC CoP 6bis in Bonn in July 2001 CoP 6bis in Bonn in July 2001 NAPA receive COP endorsement NAPA receive COP endorsement Maldives; October 2001 Maldives; October 2001 LDC group drafts negotiating proposals LDC group drafts negotiating proposals COP 7, decisions known as Marrakech Accords COP 7, decisions known as Marrakech Accords 3 decisions adopted related to LDC and NAPA 3 decisions adopted related to LDC and NAPA LDC funds for Preparation of NAPA (UNEP and UNDP) LDC funds for Preparation of NAPA (UNEP and UNDP) Establishment of LDC Expert Group Establishment of LDC Expert Group Adopted Terms of References of the LEG Adopted Terms of References of the LEG

Steps and Processes of NAPA Preparation – Annotated Guideline Multidisciplinary Team (NAPA Team, SWG) Conduct Sub-national Stakeholder Consultations Aiming at Identification of Potential Ideas for Activities, and Cross-check Current Impacts and Potential Increase in Climate Hazards and Associated Risks Undertake Criteria Development Prioritization Process (Ranking the Criteria) Rank Projects/Activities and Demonstrate Integration into National Policy Frameworks and Programme Preparation of NAPA Document along with Profile of Potential Projects Develop V&A Assessment Methodology for Sectoral Assessment Articulate Potential NAPA Activities based on Ideas from Consultations and V&A Sectoral Assessment Report Conduct National Stakeholders Consultation Synthesis and identification of important sectors and their vulnerabilities Previous Studies Previous Studies Report on coping strategies to extreme events (cyclone, floods, storm surge and droughts Report on coping strategies to extreme events (cyclone, floods, storm surge and droughts National Water Management Plan National Water Management Plan PRSP PRSP National Development Policy & Plan National Development Policy & Plan Sectoral Development Policies & Plans Sectoral Development Policies & Plans Assessment of Sectoral Vulnerability and Identification of Potential Adaptation Measures Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) Methods and Framework used in earlier studies Methods and Framework used in earlier studies UNEP Methodology UNEP Methodology Review Available Impact Assessments, Coping Strategies, Past Consultations, Trends and Existing Development Framework

Status of NAPA Preparation UNDP is involved in preparing NAPA in 29 countries UNDP is involved in preparing NAPA in 29 countries 5 Countries have completed NAPA (Bangladesh, Bhutan…) 5 Countries have completed NAPA (Bangladesh, Bhutan…) 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 17 Countries have started their activities 17 Countries have started their activities UNEP is involved in preparing NAPA in 16 countries UNEP is involved in preparing NAPA in 16 countries 2 Countries have completed NAPA 2 Countries have completed NAPA 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 7 Countries are in advance stage of completion 2 countries have not started yet 2 countries have not started yet WB is involved in preparing NAPA in 2 countries WB is involved in preparing NAPA in 2 countries

Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Water resources Water resources Rainwater harvesting and storage for domestic and irrigation water supplies Rainwater harvesting and storage for domestic and irrigation water supplies Protection of water supply sources Protection of water supply sources Improved water resource planning to accounting for heightened variability and vulnerability Improved water resource planning to accounting for heightened variability and vulnerability Food security and agriculture Food security and agriculture No-till agriculture techniques No-till agriculture techniques Improvements of seasonal weather forecasting for crops Improvements of seasonal weather forecasting for crops Increased use of traditional crops to reduce crop-production variability Increased use of traditional crops to reduce crop-production variability Development of drought and salt tolerant varieties Development of drought and salt tolerant varieties

Types of Adaptation Projects and Interventions Proposed in NAPAs Health Health Monitoring the incidence of and expanding control of vector-borne diseases at and beyond current boundaries Monitoring the incidence of and expanding control of vector-borne diseases at and beyond current boundaries Disaster preparedness and risk management Disaster preparedness and risk management Awareness raising Awareness raising Information dissemination Information dissemination Disaster resistant settlement and shelter Disaster resistant settlement and shelter Infrastructure Infrastructure Regulations and codes for buildings, roads, etc. Regulations and codes for buildings, roads, etc. Natural resources management Natural resources management Community-based adaptation Community-based adaptation Mangrove restoration Mangrove restoration Sustainable fisheries Sustainable fisheries

Status and Elements of Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA GEF has prepared Programming Paper based on Parties Decisions GEF has prepared Programming Paper based on Parties Decisions There was formal and informal discussion on the Programming Paper between GEF and LDC country Parties There was formal and informal discussion on the Programming Paper between GEF and LDC country Parties GEF and LDC hold a consultation meeting on 4-6 April 2006 at Dhaka to finalize Programming Paper GEF and LDC hold a consultation meeting on 4-6 April 2006 at Dhaka to finalize Programming Paper Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost at the Final Stage Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost at the Final Stage

Key Elements of the Programming Paper What does apply? Additional cost Additional cost Full cost Full cost Sliding Scale Sliding Scale New approach to co- financing and cost sharing New approach to co- financing and cost sharing Expedited project cycle Expedited project cycle What does not apply? No incremental cost No incremental cost No global benefits No global benefits No RAF No RAF No precedent for the GEF trust fund No precedent for the GEF trust fund

Key Elements of the Programming Paper Additional Cost Definition: the costs imposed on vulnerable countries to meet their immediate adaptation needs (Decision 3/CP.11) Consequently: The LDCF will provide financing for the additional cost imposed on vulnerable LDC countries to meet their urgent and immediate needs, as identified in their NAPAs.

Key Elements of the Programming Paper Full Cost When additional costs coincide with the total cost of the project When additional costs coincide with the total cost of the project Adaptation interventions constitute 100% of the activity Adaptation interventions constitute 100% of the activity There are no baseline activities and therefore baseline costs are zero There are no baseline activities and therefore baseline costs are zero The full cost of the project (independent from the sliding scale) will be covered by the LDCF The full cost of the project (independent from the sliding scale) will be covered by the LDCF

Key Elements of the Programming Paper Who to Estimate Additional Cost Two options Two options Additional cost estimation => explaining what are the baseline costs, project costs and the additional costs Additional cost estimation => explaining what are the baseline costs, project costs and the additional costs Use sliding scale as a shortcut => agreed % of baseline and additional costs to save time and money Use sliding scale as a shortcut => agreed % of baseline and additional costs to save time and money Baseline co-financing should include costs of existing activities in agriculture, health, water and other affected sectors Baseline co-financing should include costs of existing activities in agriculture, health, water and other affected sectors

Key Elements of the Programming Paper Proposed Sliding Scale for the LDCF Less than $200,000 (total cost) => 100% LDCF Less than $200,000 (total cost) => 100% LDCF $200K to $500K (total cost) => 75% LDCF $200K to $500K (total cost) => 75% LDCF $500K to $6 M (total cost) => 50% LDCF $500K to $6 M (total cost) => 50% LDCF $6 M to $18 M (total cost) => 33% LDCF $6 M to $18 M (total cost) => 33% LDCF total cost over $18M => 25% LDCF total cost over $18M => 25% LDCF

From preparation to implementation: Operational steps The NAPA must be completed The NAPA must be completed After NAPA completion, each LDC is invited to develop and submit project proposal (s) to address the urgent and immediate needs prioritized by their NAPA After NAPA completion, each LDC is invited to develop and submit project proposal (s) to address the urgent and immediate needs prioritized by their NAPA How to proceed? How to proceed? Step one: choice of the IA (existing modality) Step one: choice of the IA (existing modality) Step two: start preparing a project proposal Step two: start preparing a project proposal Step three: developing a project proposal Step three: developing a project proposal Step four: project submission for Pipeline Entry Step four: project submission for Pipeline Entry

Outlook: Financial resources for NAPA implementation Existing LDCF resources: $22M Existing LDCF resources: $22M Pledging meeting, April 28, 2006 Pledging meeting, April 28, 2006 Donors are planning to contribute to the fund on an annual basis Donors are planning to contribute to the fund on an annual basis Rough estimate of resources needed for the first round of NAPA implementation: Rough estimate of resources needed for the first round of NAPA implementation: $2-3 M average => $88 - $150M range (as a start) $2-3 M average => $88 - $150M range (as a start)

Some Remarks Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost ready and most of the elements are acceptable by LDC countries Programming Paper for Implementation of NAPA is almost ready and most of the elements are acceptable by LDC countries LDC has suggested some changes particularly slab of sliding scale and co-financing LDC has suggested some changes particularly slab of sliding scale and co-financing Adaptation projects focused on development Adaptation projects focused on development Understanding what urgent and immediate actions are needed to achieve “climate-resilient” development is one of the major challenges Understanding what urgent and immediate actions are needed to achieve “climate-resilient” development is one of the major challenges How to integrate climate change risks and adaptation measures into development projects and activities How to integrate climate change risks and adaptation measures into development projects and activities

Some Remarks How to implement these actions on the ground (capacity and governance) How to implement these actions on the ground (capacity and governance) Necessary to bring a wide range of expertise and experience on the ground Necessary to bring a wide range of expertise and experience on the ground Enhancing partnerships and networks of stakeholders, with expertise on water, agriculture, health, disaster risk management ad other vulnerable development sectors Enhancing partnerships and networks of stakeholders, with expertise on water, agriculture, health, disaster risk management ad other vulnerable development sectors Flexibility and learning by doing is important Flexibility and learning by doing is important

Thank You