Age of Exploration and Colonization AP World History Mr. Charnley

Age of Exploration  European Interest  Crusades  Mongol Empire  Ottoman Empire  Italian City-States  Silk Roads and Indian Ocean Trade  Early Efforts  10 th century  Vikings  Abandoned due to hostility of native tribes  hGlg6m8 hGlg6m8

Age of Exploration  European disadvantages  Ottoman Empire  Inferior technology  Lack of funding  Few high-demand domestic products  Rise of Europe  Chinese technology  European metalworking  Cartography

Portuguese Exploration  Portugal  Henry the Navigator  Academy for exploration  Gathered team of experts  Sponsored voyages to Africa  Bartholomieu Dias  1488  Cape of Good Hope  Vasco da Gamma  1498  reached India  inferior trade goods  Clashed with Muslim merchants and local Indians  India, China, Africa, Japan, Brazil

Spanish Exploration  Spain  Reconquista (1492)  Ferdinand and Isabella  Christopher Columbus   Sailed west to reach India and China  Mistook Caribbean Islands for East Asia

Spanish Exploration  Amerigo Vespucci   Proved Americas were a separate land mass from Asia

Spanish Exploration  Vasco de Balboa   First European to reach Pacific Ocean  “South Sea”

Spanish Exploration  Conquest of Mexico   Hernan Cortes  Defeated Aztec Empire

Spanish Exploration  Ferdinand Magellan ( )  Portuguese  Straits of Magellan (Cape Horn of South America)  Crew completed first Circumnavigation of the earth

Spanish Exploration  Juan Ponce De Leon  1493: member of Columbus’s second voyage  Expedition to Florida (1513)  Searching for Fountain of Youth

Spanish Exploration  Conquest of South America  1532  Francisco Pizarro  Conquered Incan Empire

Spanish Exploration  Hernando De Soto  1533: participated in Spanish conquest of Incan Empire  1539 – 1543 led expeditions in southern area of present-day US  First European to cross Mississippi River

Age of Exploration  Northern Europe  17 th century  Religious motives  Political climate  Improved naval technology  ‘Northwest Passage’

French Exploration  France  Reached Canada (1534)  Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River Valley  Jacques Cartier   St. Lawrence River  Samuel de Champlain   Lake Champlain  Great Lakes  Quebec  New France

English Exploration  Northwest Passage  John Cabot (1497) = Newfoundland  Henry Hudson (1607 – 08, ) = Hudson’s Bay, Hudson River

English Exploration  Sir Walter Raleigh  Sponsored voyages and colonial expeditions to North America  Colony at Roanoke Island   Ultimately failed  Settlers disappeared  Executed in 1618 for violating truce with Spanish

English Exploration  Sir Francis Drake  English privateer  Raided Spanish fleets and colonies  1579 circumnavigated the earth  led expeditions to Roanoke Island Colony

Age of Exploration  Netherlands  Independence from Spanish Habsburgs (17 th century)  Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia, Africa  Englishman Henry Hudson claimed present-day New York area for Dutch

Age of Exploration  Financing  Joint-stock companies  Dutch East India Company = China  British East India Company = India  monopoly

Age of Exploration  The Columbian Exchange  Disease  Agriculture  Livestock  European Commercialism  Battle of Lepanto (1571): Europeans became dominant naval power  Europeans set up coastal trading posts in Africa and Asia