Introduction  Think of all the things you are wearing.  How many of these items did you make by hand?  If you didn’t make any by hand, why not?

Overview The Beginning Example Technologies The Factory System Crossing the Atlantic The First American Mill Eli Whitney Lowell, Massachusetts Growth of Cities

The Industrial Revolution Begins Industrial Revolution : process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced

Example Technologies  Started in Britain in the mid-1700’s  New Technology – inventors developed new machines that transformed the textile industry  Spinning Jenny – a machine that could spin several threads at once  Built water powered looms which allowed more cloth to be produced Spinning JennyLoomLoom

The Factory System New Inventions + New Machines = making large mills by rivers Water flowing downstream or over a waterfall turned a wheel that produced a great deal more power in a day

Setting Up a Factory $Operating a mill cost a lot of capital– money $Capitalists supplied this money $Capitalist- a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit

Factory Organization The new system brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods  Workers earned daily or weekly wages  Had to work a number of set hours each day

Revolution Crosses the Atlantic  Britain wanted to keep the new technology a secret  Samuel Slater heard that America was offering large rewards for the technology  He boarded a ship in 1789 headed for NYC Samuel Slater Slater Mill

The First American Mill  Slater went to Pawtucket, Rhode Island  By 1793, he built the first successful textile mill powered by water  His factory was a huge success Blackstone River in Pawtucket

Eli Whitney  Was an inventor  Observed the gun crafting process of making each piece by hand  Created the idea of interchangeable parts

Interchangeable Parts Interchangeable parts – all machine-made parts would be alike  Whitney took his idea to Washington, D.C. where at first he was laughed at until he gave a demonstration  Soon parts existed for clocks, locks, and other goods

Francis Cabot Lowell  The War of 1812 boosted American industry because Americans could not get foreign goods  Francis Cabot Lowell, a Boston merchant, noticed that British textile mills had spinning in one factory and weaving in another  His idea was to combine both of the ideas in one mill

Lowell, Massachusetts After Lowell died, his partners took his idea one step further and created a community of 10,000 people. Lowell National Park

“Lowell Girls”  To work in the mills, the company hired young women from nearby towns  Usually worked for a few years before returning to marry  Were the highest paid female workers in the U.S. – made between $1.85 and $3 per week  The company built boardinghouses and had rules to protect the women

Advertisement for Lowell Mills Girl at a loom

Daily Life  Child labor – were as young as 7  Chosen because they could fit in between spindles  Long Hours – 12 hours a day, 6 days a week  Changes in Home Life – more family members left the house to earn a living  Having a wife who stayed at home became a sign of success

Growing Cities Urbanization : movement of the population from farms to cities Large groups moved to cities during the Industrial Revolution

Hazards  Dirt and gravel roads became mudholes  No sewers  Garbage in the streets  Spread of disease (cholera)

Attractions Theaters Museums Circus Clothing Stores

Example Suppose the year is 1830 in a New England town. A businessman wants to build a textile mill. As the people of the town, you decide to have a town meeting to discuss this. What would be the views of the following groups and why? –Sheep farmers –Spinners and weavers –Unemployed –Landowners –Merchants –Town officials

Review Record your answers on your exit slip 1.What was the Industrial Revolution? 2.What resource did all factories need to be next to? 3.What are interchangeable parts? 4.Who created the first factory town? 5.The growth of factories led to the growth of what? 6.What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution in America?