9.3 Expansion in Texas HW: Ch. 9, Sect. 4 & Prepare for Test on Monday

Expansion in Texas FACTORS INVOLVED IN AMERICAN SETTLEMENT IN TEXAS: 1.Conflict with Native Americans deters Mexicans from moving to Texas. 2.Mexico gains independence from Spain, expands trade with US. 3.Mexico gives land grants to empresarios, such as Stephen Austin, to encourage Americans to settle in Texas.

Stephen Austin by Brand Shown here with his trusty dog and gun, Stephen F. Austin leans against a tree and considers the vast domain granted to him by the Spanish government. Austin was one of the leading landowners in Texas, as well as a leader of the Texas Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) Stephen Austin by Brand Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

FACTORS LEADING TO WAR: 1.Mexico bans slavery, moves to restrict it in TX : Mexico bans new immigrants from US, high taxes on US goods, moves in troops to TX : Austin is Arrested by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President of Mexico : Austin wins repeal of the Immigration ban 5.American immigration increases (1K a month in 1835) 6.Santa Anna increasingly dictatorial. (takes away freedoms…) 7.Texas Revolution begins in 1835

ANALYZE THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE TEXAN SETTLERS MEXICOSETTLERS GOALS ACTIONS OUTCOMES

Map: Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, Sam Houston's victory at San Jacinto was the decisive action of the war and avenged the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk Although they were greatly outnumbered, Texas forces held off a siege at the Alamo by the Mexican army under Antonio López de Santa Anna. The old mission's walls were eventually breached, however, and the Texans were overcome in hand-to-hand fighting. This painting is an artist's conception of the last moments of battle, before the remaining Texans were finally defeated. (Friends of the Governor's Mansion) Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Texas Revolution Santa Anna moves 4000 troops to Texas to put down Anglo rebellion William Travis moves Anglo forces to the Alamo. 12 day siege of Alamo ends, all 187 defenders die March 2, 1836, Texans declare independence Santa Anna executes 445 rebels at Goliad Sam Houston captures Santa Anna at San Jacinto River Santa Anna recognizes independence of Republic of Texas July 1836.

Map: Texas Revolution Texas Revolution This map shows troop movements and the major battles in the Texas Revolution, as well as the conflicting boundary claims made by Texans and the Mexican government. The Battle of San Jacinto and the Treaty of Velasco ended the war, but the conflicting land claims continued when Mexico repudiated the treaty. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836 Texans believed that their war for independence paralleled the Revolutionary War. The lady of liberty on this banner, carried by Texans in 1836, brings to mind similar images that stirred patriots during the American Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

“About 3:30 in the afternoon, during the Mexican siesta period, Houston distributed his troops in battle array, bracketing the line with the "Twin Sisters" cannon. Shielded by trees and a rise in the terrain, the Texans were able to advance with some security. Then with the cries "Remember the Alamo" and "Remember La Bahia" or "Remember Goliad" ringing along their lines, the Texans swooped down on the dismayed Mexican army, pursuing and butchering them long after the battle itself had ended. 630 Mexicans were killed and 730 taken prisoner. Texans lost only 9 killed or mortally wounded; thirty were less seriously wounded. Among the latter was General Houston, whose ankle was shattered.”

Surrender of Santa Anna, by William H. Huddle

Q: Why would the North not want Texas in the union? A: For many reasons… 1.Slavery was allowed in Texas 2.Making TX a state would upset the Missouri Compromise  more Sectionalism 3.Mexico might be moved to war

Polk and Dallas Flag This campaign banner celebrating the candidacy of James K. Polk and George M. Dallas on the Democratic ticket carries a subtle message conveying the party's platform. Surrounding Polk's picture are twenty-five stars, one for each state in the Union. Outside the corner box, a twenty-sixth star stands for Texas, which Polk promised to annex. (Collection of David J. and Janet L. Frent) Polk and Dallas Flag Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Tejas to Texas “Lone Star State” stands alone Mexico threatens to recapture it Texas turns to France and Great Britain Expansionists fear a return of European powers to the Western Hemisphere/violation of the Monroe Doctrine Issue of slavery and war with Mexico delays annexation Texas is annexed by US in 1845, infuriating Mexico and many Northerners. Boundary of Texas still in dispute.

Excerpt from Polk’s Inaugural Address I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas. They are independent powers competent to contract, and foreign nations have no right to interfere with them or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not seem to appreciate the true character of our Government. Our Union is a confederation of independent States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge its limits is to extend the dominions of peace over additional territories and increasing millions. The world has nothing to fear from military ambition in our Government. …. Foreign powers should therefore look on the annexation of Texas to the United States not as the conquest of a nation seeking to extend her dominions by arms and violence, but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her own, by adding another member to our confederation, with the consent of that member, thereby diminishing the chances of war and opening to them new and ever-increasing markets for their products.