Tying up loose threads

Main teaching points End of the Cold War Canada in the 1980s and beyond: connecting to the key themes

End of the Cold war Main Ideas: Détente Afghanistan Soviet Collapse

Period of Détente Détente: a relaxation of tension Lasted from late-1960s to 1979 Examples from the period of détente: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968 “let’s stop building so many nukes” The Helsinki Accords, 1975 Agreement on the boundaries of Europe (finally!) USSR agrees to respect human rights Jimmy Carter Leonid Brezhnev

War in Afghanistan, 1979-88 Soviet Union entered Afghanistan’s civil war in 1979 The West, India, and China were not impressed This became a proxy war – the détente was over The USA and China provided $ and weapons to the Mujahedeen (the Afghan rebels) (These rebels included the likes of Osama Bin Laden and others who would later form Al Qaida) Soviets withdrew in 1988 Comparable to USA’s involvement in Vietnam Soviet Spetsnaz (special operations) group prepares for a mission, 1988

War in Afghanistan, 1979-88 Soviet troops withdrawing, 1988

Soviet Collapse Gorbachev became leader in 1985 A reformer; wanted to bring about change Glasnost, 1986 – “openness” Perestroika 1987 – “restructuring” If you give a commie an inch, she’ll take a mile! The floodgates were opened and there was no going back Berlin wall comes down, 1989 Problems with the Soviet Union Economic stagnation Black market Poor quality consumer goods Not enough food Line-ups, endless line-ups Waiting lists for televisions, cars, etc. Military spending – up to 25% of Soviet government income Political stagnation and corruption I’m comfortable; I don’t want to change Ideology had failed and replaced by ethnic nathionalism Soviet Union officially disintegrated at the end of 1991 Mikhail Gorbachev GS of the CP of the SU

Canada in the 80s and Beyond

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Main ideas: Economics Regionalism Changing society

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Economy: 1800s-1930s - Laissez Faire approach 1930s - beginning of new solutions (Keynes) 1939-1945 - WWII very hands on approach 1945-1970s - hands on - expansion of the welfare state - conservatives and liberals willing to spend the $$ for services 1980s - economic recession; governments start tightening belts - neo-conservatism; gov’t backing off

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Regional Tension: We can look at two new political parties to discuss regionalism. Reform Party of Canada Bloq Quebecois

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Regional Tension: Reform Party of Canada Emerged in the 1993 federal election Represented Western discontent Opposed bilingualism and special status for Quebec Very conservative Restrict immigration Cut social services Reform Party of Canada Bloq Quebecois

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Regional Tension: Bloq Québecois Emerged in the 1993 federal election and became the official opposition Represented interests of separatist Québecois A Federal party representing ONE province Reform Party of Canada Bloq Quebecois

Canada in the 80s and Beyond Immigration With the person beside you, look at the table on page 152 in your workbook and consider the following: In 2001 where were most immigrants coming from? Pre-1981 where were most immigrants coming from?