The Rise of Industrial Japan PAGES

Today’s Objectives  Explain why Japan changes its course  Describe the steps its took to transform itself

What is Imperialism?  The extension of a nation’s power over other lands by military, political, or economic means  The result of Western imperialism?  Japan was forced to open up borders

Arrival of the Western Fleet  By 1850, there was a lot of pressure on Japan to reopen its borders  Westerners were seeking places to sell their new, factory-made goods  The United States especially wanted to sail ships to Japan  What method did the U.S. use to persuade the Japanese to open its borders?  President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry and four warships to make the request

How did the Japanese react to Perry’s request?  After a year of waiting, Perry returned with 8 warships to Edo, Japan  The Japanese realized they could not match the firepower of these ships  They agreed to open two ports for trade and resupply  U.S. ships could stop at these ports to pick up supplies as they crossed the Pacific  What else happened as a result of Perry’s request?  Britain, France, Russia, and Holland also made trade agreements with the Japanese after Perry opened the door to trade with Japan

The Effects of the Agreement  The opening of foreign trade shook Japanese society  Many leaders thought Japan was giving too much away  Some Europeans and Americans living in Japan were killed as a result  What Japanese leader made the agreements to open Japan to Western countries?  The shogun

The Meiji Restoration  The disagreement with the shogun grew into a revolt  Control of Japan was taken from the shogun and returned to the emperor of Japan (Meiji)  The new government adopted foreign ways of governing: the feudal system was abolished  A modern army was created  Edo was renamed Tokyo

The Meiji Restoration cont’d  What is a bureaucracy?  A large organization that runs the daily business of government  New central government issued a declaration called the Charter Oath  The document declared that all Japanese would be given a say in their government and also stated that old customs would be abandoned and “knowledge shall be sought throughout the new world”  A new constitution was created and a parliament called the Diet

Why might you conclude that Japan was on its way to becoming a democratic country?  It had a new constitution and a parliament, called the Diet Present day: The Diet

Not the first time Japan looked to the outside for new ideas…  Buddhism from China and Korea  Confucianism from China  What was Japan now learning from the West?  Students went to the U.S. and Europe to study shipbuilding, medicine, and other subjects  Paid foreigners for expert advice on building railways, running factories, and sailing steamships

How else did contact with other cultures change Japan?  Styles of dress – started wearing suits and dresses instead of kimonos  Hair styles – hair pulled up on top quickly went out of style  Buildings were built in Western styles of architecture  People began to eat beef and other Western foods  The changes broke down many Japanese feudal customs.  The strict separation between social classes became blurred. VS.

Expansion of Japan  Quickly became a military and economic power  1912: an increase in Japanese exports more than doubled world trade  How did Japan show it knew its own economic power?  By demanding and getting fairer trade treaties from other nations

Military Activity Overseas  1894 invaded Korea  China demanded that Japan remove its troops; Japan refused  Gained control of Taiwan  1904: war with Russia – Japan won  The war against Russia caused the rest of the world to notice Japan’s new strength

Summing it Up  Why did the U.S. demand that Japan do in 1854?  Open itself up to trade  How did the Meiji Restoration change Japan’s government in 1864?  Transferred power from the shogun to the emperor and created a central government  Why did Japan do a great deal of cultural borrowing in the late 1800s?  To modernize itself and strengthen itself economically and militarily  Where did Japan stand industrially and militarily by the 1890s?  It was industrialized and it began expanding through military force