The Barbary Pirates The Barbary Pirates Mini-war with U.S.Mini-war with U.S. Demands of tributeDemands of tribute Jefferson’s reaction – bill authorizing any action necessaryJefferson’s reaction – bill authorizing any action necessaryaction necessaryaction necessary Stephen Decatur and the burning of the USS PhiladelphiaStephen Decatur and the burning of the USS Philadelphia “Most daring act of the age” Brit. Admiral“Most daring act of the age” Brit. Admiral Eventually secure U.S. trading hereEventually secure U.S. trading hereEventually secure U.S. trading hereEventually secure U.S. trading here

1. Napoleonic Wars Q1806/1807  Berlin Decrees, Milan Decrees[“Continental System”] - barring British and neutral ships from trading with European countries controlled by France Q1806  Britain issued the “Orders in Council.” - any goods being shipped to Europe first stop at British ports or be in British vessels Q  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” QJune 21, QBr. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. Q3 dead, 18 wounded. QBr. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. QJefferson’s Response:  Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.  Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

3. The Embargo Act (1807) The “OGRABME” Turtle

Presidential Election of 1808

James Madison Becomes President

Dolly Madison: The President’s Greatest Asset

4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) QReplaced the Embargo Act. QRemained U. S. policy until QUnexpected Consequences:  N. Eng. was forced to become self- sufficient again [old factories reopened].  Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.  Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

Macon’s Bill No. 2 Replaced Non-Intercourse Act after it expiredReplaced Non-Intercourse Act after it expired Reopened trade with Great Britain and France butReopened trade with Great Britain and France but allowed President to prohibit trade with either if one should continue violating neutral shipping after the other nation had stopped allowed President to prohibit trade with either if one should continue violating neutral shipping after the other nation had stopped France stopped first – embargo went into affect against BritainFrance stopped first – embargo went into affect against Britain

5. Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa Tenskwatawa – “The Prophet”, preached against corruption, sin of the white worldTenskwatawa – “The Prophet”, preached against corruption, sin of the white world Wanted to unite and mobilize N.A. tribes in a religious revivalWanted to unite and mobilize N.A. tribes in a religious revival Tecumseh, the prophet’s brother, was the leader, warrior of the movementTecumseh, the prophet’s brother, was the leader, warrior of the movement Went from tribe to tribe trying to organize a defense confederationWent from tribe to tribe trying to organize a defense confederation

QGeneral William Henry Harrison  governor of the Indiana Territory. QInvited Native Indian chiefs to Ft. Wayne, IN to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US government. QTecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands. QTecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe. QThis made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election  Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!] Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811

Florida and War Fever Territory included present state of Florida, southern areas of AL, MISS, LATerritory included present state of Florida, southern areas of AL, MISS, LA Reasons Americans wanted FloridaReasons Americans wanted Florida 1.Escape slaves 2.Frequent Indian attacks 3.Valuable rivers/ports of trade 1810 – Settlers in W. Florida seize Ft Baton Rouge and ask fed. Gov’t to annex territory, to which Madison agrees1810 – Settlers in W. Florida seize Ft Baton Rouge and ask fed. Gov’t to annex territory, to which Madison agrees War Fever hits the South!!!

“War Hawks” Henry Clay [KY] John C. Calhoun [SC]

Presidential Election of 1812

“Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems QThe US was unprepared militarily:  Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships.  Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. QFinancially unprepared:  Flood of paper $.  Revenue from import tariffs declined. QRegional disagreements.

Overview of the War of 1812

3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

Campaigns of 1813

Burning of Washington D.C. Napoleon surrendered in 1814 in Paris and is exiled to ElbaNapoleon surrendered in 1814 in Paris and is exiled to Elba Great Britain prepares for their invasion on U.S. soilGreat Britain prepares for their invasion on U.S. soil Washington D.C. August 24, 1814

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there..

Hartford Convention December, 1814 – January, 1815

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns