United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Experiences of the 2010 Round of Population and Housing Censuses: A global Overview Margaret Mbogoni United Nations Statistics Division

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Summary  Implementation of 2010 census round  Country experiences oCensus methodology oEnumeration methods oUse of technology oMethods of data dissemination oCollaboration among countries oSuccesses/achievements oChallenges experienced

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Surveys on country experience during 2010 round  Mid-2011 and early 2012 UNSD and USCB conducted survey on country practices for 2010 censuses  Objectives of the survey oDocument early lessons learned from the 2010 round oIdentify preliminary recommendations for the Statistical Commission to consider as planning begins on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses  UNSD survey

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Response to 2011/2012 survey by region  126 countries or areas responded to survey Geographical areaNumber of responding countries Africa27 America North18 America South7 Asia31 Europe36 Oceania7

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Salient findings  More countries undertaking a census in 2010 round than in 2000 round o26 did not conduct a census for 2000 round oOnly 7 countries with no information on plans for 2010 round o25 countries rescheduled their censuses for 2010 round (20%) ­ Initially, 2010 was peak year for census taking for 2010 round ­ Due to postponements, 2011 became peak for the round  Reasons for postponement include: oBudgetary constraints oTechnical issues oLack of skilled staff oPolitical situations

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Salient findings (contd.)  As of 1 November 2012 o192 countries already conducted census oPopulation enumerated = 6.1 billion representing 89% of world population Countries already conducted census Population enumerated

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Salient findings (contd.)  Changes in how countries conduct censuses oIncrease in use of alternative methodologies from 2000 round oUse of multiple sources to generate census data oMulti-mode enumeration methods oIncreased use of improved technology in all phases of census ­ Implementation of new technologies most cited successful aspect of census  Reasons for changes: Reduce cost of census Improve quality of data Improve timeliness of dissemination of census results

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Main methodology for census In 2010 census round:  Full field enumeration still dominant methodology for population and housing censuses (85%)  Use of alternative methodologies o10% use administrative registers o5% use other methods mainly combinations  Application of alternative methods not uniform across countries and needs careful documentation and study

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Main census Methodology by region Geographical areaFull field enumeration Administrative registers Others Africa27100 America North17100 America South7100 Asia Europe Oceania6100 Total

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of other sources of data Data sourceTotal countries Administrative registers3326 Pre-existing administrative records 119 Annual or other regular surveys 2217 Ad hoc sample surveys1915 Other119

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of multi-sources of data Data sourceFull field enum. Admin. registers Other Administrative registers Pre-existing administrative records Annual or other regular surveys Ad hoc sample surveys Other99217

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of alternative methodologies No. % Used in 2000 and 2010 rounds13 11 Used in 2010 round only1815 Cost and time savings perceived2981 Cost and time savings realized1673 Will use alternative next census3094

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Total Countries Face-to-face interviewer, paper questionnaire Face-to-face interviewer, electronic questionnaire Telephone Self-enumeration, paper questionnaire, collected by enumerators Self-enumeration, paper questionnaire, return by mail Self-enumeration, internet Register-based enumeration Pre-existing administrative records86.3 Other21.6 Enumeration methods

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of technology during 2010 round Internet5043 Laptop computers3126 Hand-held/pocket computers109 Tablet computers43 Geographical information systems (GIS)7564 Computer-assisted coding5749 Optical mark reading/recognition (OMR)3832 Optical character reading/recognition (OCR)4942 Other imaging techniques and scanner devices4438 Other2521 None of the above65

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of technology - Cartography  Census cartography one of census domains that have benefited the most from technological innovations  In 2010 census round: o58% use digitized maps o74% use GPS/GIS o25% aerial photography o24% satellite imagery Source: UNSD survey conducted in

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of technology (contd.)  Predicted cost or time savings by using new technology oYes: 79 – 76% oNo: 25 – 24%  Realized cost or time savings by using new technology o Yes: 70 – 74% o No: %

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Use of technology (contd.)  Benefits of using new technologyt oTime savings- 62% oImproved data quality - 57% oImproved coverage - 37% oCost savings - 36% oIncreased participation/response rates – 23%  Risks of using new technology oIncreased cost – 29%  Obstacles faced in use of new technology oStaff resources/expertise – 52% oFinancial resources – 37%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Contracting out use of technology  Yes: 49%  No: 51%  Successes about contracting out use of technology oContract management ~ 23 – 18% oStaying within scope ~ % oAdhering to budget ~29 – 23% oAdhering to schedule ~ % oImproved census integration ~ % oOther ~5 – 4%  Challenges of contracting out use of technology oContract management ~ % oAdhering to schedule ~ % oAdhering to budget ~ %

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Contracting out use of technology (contd.)  More in-depth analysis of results on previous slide is needed to show successes and challenges by census methodology

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Data dissemination – primary method  Primary method of data dissemination oPaper publications ~ % oStatic web pages (html, pdf, Excel) ~ 34 – 28% oInteractive online databases ~ % Africa oPaper publications – 88% oStatic web pages – 8% America North oStatic web pages - 44% oPaper publications – 31% oCD-Rom/DVD – 19%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Data dissemination – primary method America South oInteractive online databases – 43% oStatic web pages (29%) oPaper publications, CD-Rom/DVD – 14% Asia oPaper publications – 73% oStatic web pages – 23% Europe oStatic web pages – 39% oInteractive online databases – 36% oPaper publications - 22% Oceania oPaper publications - 67% oStatic web pages - 33%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Collaboration among countries Areas in which collaborated with other countries  Total oData dissemination - 27% oQuestionnaire design – 21% oAlternative methodologies - 21% oNew technologies – 18%  Africa oPost enumeration survey (PES) – 30% oCartography - 26% oData dissemination – 22% oData analysis - 22%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Collaboration among countries (contd.) Areas in which collaborated with other countries  America North oData capture – 39% oQuestionnaire design – 33% oData processing – 33%  America South oCartography, data processing, data analysis - 29%  Asia oData dissemination - 26% oNew technologies, questionnaire design, data capture – 23%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Collaboration among countries (contd.) Areas in which collaborated with other countries  Europe oData dissemination – 31% oAlternative methodologies – 28% oNew technologies – 11%  Oceania oAlternative meth., questionnaire design, data collection – 57% oCartography, data processing, data dissemination – 43% o New technologies, data capture, data analysis – 29%

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Successes in 2010 round  Implemented new technologies ~ %  Met deadlines ~ %  Kept within a budget ~ %  Improved/maintained data quality ~ %  Improved logistics and coordination ~ %  Improved data dissemination ~ %  Improved/maintained response/participation rates ~ %  Implemented new methodologies ~ 46 – 37%  Other ~ %

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Challenges during 2010 round  Cost ~ %  Timeliness ~ %  Data quality ~ %  Public perception ~ %  Response rates ~ %  Privacy ~ %

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Challenges for the 2010 round In spite of achievements during 2010 round, still challenges:  Use of new technology (scanning, GIS, PDA)  Financing for the census  Lack of adequate skilled personnel  Institution of annonymization procedures for dissemination of micro-data  Census evaluation (both operation and data)  Public concerns over privacy issues  Enhancing statistical literacy of basic data users  Implementing alternative approaches to traditional census  Political situations

United Nations International Seminar on Population and Housing Censuses: Beyond the 2010 Round 27 – 29 November 2012, Seoul, Republic of Korea Thank You!