10/7 Focus 10/7 Focus : – Geographic conditions in the Indus River Valley allowed for the development of civilization on the Indian subcontinent. Seasonal monsoons play an important factor in the life of people on the Indian subcontinent Do Now: Do Now: – What is a peninsula?

River Valley Civilizations The Indus Valley Geography of South Asia (Indian Subcontinent)

Developed around 2,500 B.C. on the Indian subcontinent in the Indus river valley

Indian Subcontinent Landmass that includes the modern day nations of: – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh Separated from Asia by large mountain ranges in the North – Himalayas – Hindu Kush – Karakoram

Indian Subcontinent Southern half is large peninsula Peninsula – Landmass with water on three sides

Geographic Regions Geographic regions – Deccan Plateau- desert land – Northern Plains- well watered – Coastal Plains- good for fish and trade

Closure In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of India

Mountains Kept climate subtropical Limited contact with other groups Ways through the Mts. – Khyber Pass Mountain pass in the Hindu Kush Allowed movement into the Indus Valley – Thar Desert

Khyber Pass is still an important way through the mountains today

Deccan Plateau Plateau – Raised, flat area of land Dry, Arid region in the center of the subcontinent

Coastal Plains Flat land along the east and west coasts Farming, fishing, and trade occur here

Northern Plains Three rivers pass through this area – Indus – Ganges – Brahmaputra Silt from flooding made the soil fertile Civilizations developed here

Monsoons Seasonal winds Summer – Heavy rains, warm air Winter – Cool, Dry air

Monsoons Brought rain needed for crops Led to flooding of rivers and creation of fertile silt

Environmental Challenges Floods along the Indus unpredictable river can change course Rainfall unpredictable; could have droughts or floods

What is the name for the seasonal winds that impact the Indian subcontinent? Why are they so important to the people of India?

10/10 Focus: – Archeologists have discovered evidence that Indus Valley civilization had developed well organized cities Do Now: – Identify the three geographic regions of the Indian subcontinent – Explain why the monsoons are so important to the people of India

Civilization Emerges on the Indus Indus Valley Civilization – Influenced an area larger than Mesopotamia or Egypt Earliest Arrivals – About 7000 B.C.E., evidence of agricultural and domesticated animals – By 3200 B.C.E., people farming in villages along Indus River

Cities Built well organized cities – By 2500 B.C.E., people build cities of brick laid out on a grid system. – Engineers create plumbing and sewage systems – Indus Valley called Harrapan civilization after Harappa, a city.