Social Capital and Conservation in Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam Thuy Nguyen School of Natural Resources and Environment

Outline of Presentation Introduction Background of the Study Cat Tien National Park Research Problem and Study Objectives Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation of the Study Literature Review Theoretical Model Methodology Timeline for Research

INTRODUCTION Managing human impacts on NP has been major challenge for government agencies and other natural resources managers Managing human impacts on NP has been major challenge for government agencies and other natural resources managers ICDP are proposed to help to reduce the incursion pressure on Pas ICDP are proposed to help to reduce the incursion pressure on Pas Social capital are thought to influence households’ behavior toward collective action (Pretty, 2003) Social capital are thought to influence households’ behavior toward collective action (Pretty, 2003)

Social capital – as a applied concept in environmental conservation and rural development – also means the creation and strengthen of local groups. Social capital – as a applied concept in environmental conservation and rural development – also means the creation and strengthen of local groups. Building social capital is viable mechanism to generate collective practice of natural resources Building social capital is viable mechanism to generate collective practice of natural resources INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Since 1997, WB began to support the project “Vietnam Forest Protection and Rural Development” (FPRD) Since 1997, WB began to support the project “Vietnam Forest Protection and Rural Development” (FPRD) Goals: Goals: –Protect high priority PA –Manage remaining forests in buffer zone –Reduce forest dependency –Strengthen government capacity

For development of buffer zone, the project For development of buffer zone, the project –Formulate Community Action Plan (CAP) to negotiate conservation agreement –Land allocation Program (LAP) –Social support (basic social infrastructure, income and employment opportunities for the very poor) –Agricultural support activities –Long-term forest protection contracts to HH, joint protect the remaining natural forests –Small scale irrigation, road upgrade to improve service and expand market opportunities INTRODUCTION

The Study Site The study site

CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK CTNP is located in southern Vietnam CTNP is located in southern Vietnam Total area: 73,878 ha; buffer zone areas: 183,479 ha Total area: 73,878 ha; buffer zone areas: 183,479 ha 3 sectors: Nam Cat Tien (38,100 ha); Tay Cat Tien (5,143 ha); Cat Loc (30,635 ha) 3 sectors: Nam Cat Tien (38,100 ha); Tay Cat Tien (5,143 ha); Cat Loc (30,635 ha) Approximate coordinates: Approximate coordinates: –11 o 20’50’’ – 11o50’20” N Latitude –107 o 09’05”-107 o 35’20” E Longitude

CTNP received protected status in1978 CTNP received protected status in1978 Become National Park 1992 Become National Park 1992 Cat Loc received protected status 1992 Cat Loc received protected status , integration Nam Cat Tien, Tay Cat Tien and Cat Loc to become currently know Cat Tien National Park 1998, integration Nam Cat Tien, Tay Cat Tien and Cat Loc to become currently know Cat Tien National Park CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK

Annual rainfall 2,300 mm – 2,850 mm Annual rainfall 2,300 mm – 2,850 mm Flora is typical to for Southeastern part of Vietnam Flora is typical to for Southeastern part of Vietnam Rich biodiversity: 76 mammals, 320 birds, 74 reptiles, 35 amphibian, 99 fish species Rich biodiversity: 76 mammals, 320 birds, 74 reptiles, 35 amphibian, 99 fish species Key species: Javan Rhinocerus: the rarest large animal in earth less then 7 only found in Cat Loc; the Oranged-necked Partridge; Siamese crocodile; Asian elephants … Key species: Javan Rhinocerus: the rarest large animal in earth less then 7 only found in Cat Loc; the Oranged-necked Partridge; Siamese crocodile; Asian elephants … CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK

11 ethnic groups can be divided into 3 main groups: 11 ethnic groups can be divided into 3 main groups: –Mainstream Kinh (lowlanders); –indigenous ethnic minorities (Stieng and Chau Ma); –recently migrated minorities from the North (Tay, Nung, Hoa..) Indigenous minorities have a long history of shifting cultivation Indigenous minorities have a long history of shifting cultivation The recently migrated minorities from the northern provinces started arriving around , but most settled after 1990, their traditional livelihood: fishing, hunting, and shifting cultivation but now mainly engaged in farming The recently migrated minorities from the northern provinces started arriving around , but most settled after 1990, their traditional livelihood: fishing, hunting, and shifting cultivation but now mainly engaged in farming CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK

Research Problem and Study Objectives General question: How do households’ social capital and household’s participation in FPRD project affect households’attitude and behavior towards CTNP? General question: How do households’ social capital and household’s participation in FPRD project affect households’attitude and behavior towards CTNP? Specific questions: Specific questions: –How does households’ social capital affect its general conservation attitude and its specific behavior towards CTNP? –How does social capital affect the level of participation in FPRD project? –How does participation of HH affect their conservation attitude and behavior?

Significance of the Study Contribute to the policy formation and help effective implementation of sustainable rural development and conservation program in BZ of PAs in Vietnam Contribute to the policy formation and help effective implementation of sustainable rural development and conservation program in BZ of PAs in Vietnam Knowledge on human population of the Park Knowledge on human population of the Park Contribute to very limited knowledge on social capital literature in Vietnam, provide a perspective to compare with social capital with post-communist countries Contribute to very limited knowledge on social capital literature in Vietnam, provide a perspective to compare with social capital with post-communist countries

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Social Capital and Conservation Social Capital and Conservation

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Household characteristics and social capital Household characteristics and social capital

Theoretical Model H1 H3 SOCIAL CAPITAL CONSERVATION -ATTITUDE -BEHAVIOR LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION H2 HOUSEHOLDS’ CHARACTERISTICS -ethnicity -religion -length of residency -education -occupation -income -age -marital status -gender

Concept: Social Capital Variable 1: Community group/social organization membership Variable 2: Involvement in community activities Variable 3: Perception of your community Methodology

Concept: Participation in FPRD activities Variable 1: Conservation-related activities Variable 2: Agricultural support activities Variable 3: Infrastructure development activities Variable 4: Credit support Methodology

Concept: Attitude towards biodiversity conservation Variable 1: General perception about biodiversity conservation Variable 2: Issues/ problems associated with biodiversity conservation Variable 3: Impacts of conservation activities Methodology

Concept: Conservation behavior towards the Park Variable 1: Access to the Park Variable 2: Time spent/frequency of going to the park Methodology

Control Variables/Demographics Variable 1: Ethnicity Variable 2: Religion Variable 3: Length of residency Variable 4: Education Variable 5: Household composition Variable 6: Household income Variables 7: Age Variable 8: Marital status Variable 9: Gender Methodology

Timeline for Research

QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, CRITIQUES?