History of Psychology. Ancient Egypt Egypt showed evidence of brain surgery as early as 3,000 B.C. in papyrus writings found in Egypt. “Brain,” the actual.

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What is Psychology?.

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Presentation transcript:

History of Psychology

Ancient Egypt Egypt showed evidence of brain surgery as early as 3,000 B.C. in papyrus writings found in Egypt. “Brain,” the actual word itself, is used here for the first time in any language The treatment was used for mental illnesses, epilepsy, headaches, organic diseases, neuropathy treatment, osteomyelitis, and for head injuries. Brain surgery was also used for both spiritual and magical reasons

Ancient Egypt The Ebers Papyrus (c BC) mentions both depression and dementia. Pharaoh Psamtik I tries an experiment. (c. 620 BC)

Ancient Greece “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.”

Plato

Introspection

Aristotle

Associationism

Aristotle Associationism We seek pleasure, and avoid pain.

Hippocrates

“There are in fact two things, science and opinion; the former begets knowledge, the latter ignorance.”

Maybe it’s demons !

Wilhelm Wundt

Structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism The elements of consciousness are sensations (objective) and feelings (subjective)

Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism The elements of consciousness are sensations (objective) and feelings (subjective) Set up the first laboratory

William James

Functionalism

William James Functionalism Mental processes help us adapt

William James Functionalism Mental processes help us adapt Adaptive patterns become habits

Sigmund Freud

Freud’s Theories

Much deeper introspection

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use:

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis Free Association

Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis Free Association Interpretation of Dreams

Big Argument Time

Can Cognitive Processes be understood?

John B Watson

Behaviorism

John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science

John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science We are conditioned by external events.

John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science We are conditioned by external events. “Choice” is an illusion.

John B Watson

B. F. Skinner

Stimulus – Response

B. F. Skinner Stimulus – Response Positive & Negative Reinforcement

Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape”

Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Problem solving through – Similarity – Closure – Insight

Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Problem solving through – Similarity – Closure – Insight Learning has purpose!

Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes

Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes Evolutionary – Adaptive Behaviors

Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes Evolutionary – Adaptive Behaviors Cognitive – Thoughts lead to behavior – Information processing and memory – Perceptions, values & choices lead to behaviors

Modern Perspectives Humanistic – The value of personal experiences – Self-Awareness matters – Focus on feelings to control impulses and fulfill potential

Modern Perspectives Humanistic – The value of personal experiences – Self-Awareness matters – Focus on feelings to control impulses and fulfill potential Psychoanalytic – The role of repression

Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment

Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment Sociocultural – Effects of ethnicity, gender, culture, economics

Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment Sociocultural – Effects of ethnicity, gender, culture, economics Biopsychosocial – Holistic theory of George Engel