Behaviorism!

Principles of Behaviorism O Behaviorists state that the following assumptions are true of all behavior: 1. All behavior is a response to an environmental stimuli 2. The mind is a black box. O We cannot scientifically study internal mental processes like emotion and memory! 3. People are born as a blank slate. O We have only a handful of innate responses, almost all behavior is learned. 4. Processes of learning are common to all species. O We can study rats and pigeons and dogs to understand people!

All behavior is a response to a stimulus… O Conditioning: Learning by making a connection between two events (associative learning) O Classical Conditioning: automatic response learned by associating two stimuli that are frequently paired. O Operant Conditioning: increasing or decreasing a specific behavior based on consequences (rewards or punishments) O Observational Learning: we learn by watching people in our environment and imitate the behavior.

Classical Conditioning O Pavlov and his dogs! O The dog saw food when a bell was rung multiple times. O The dog learned to EXPECT food after hearing a bell! O Measured by salivation UCS  UCR NS  No Response NS + UCS  UCR CS  CR O Classical Conditioning refers to cases with REFLEX RESPONSES, not choices.

Classical Conditioning O Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)- stimuli that automatically produces a reaction without prior learning O Unconditioned Response (UCR)- an unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the UCS O Neutral Stimulus (NS)- elicits NO response O Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- previously NS that elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the UCS repeatedly. O Conditioned Response (CR)- a learned response to the CS that occurs after the CS and UCS have been paired together frequently.

Let’s get a volunteer!!

SPILL, CAN, COAT, BEEN, HAIR, LIE, CAN, RED, TREE, CHAIR, CAN, FLOOR, PLANE, DOG, CAN, TOOK, BILL, TIE, SHOE, ROCK, CAN, TURN, POKE, NECK, TOOTH, CAN, PAST, TRUST, CAT, FLAG, PEN, GUM, CAN, TRUE, BREAD, CAN, GLASS, BRUSH, PIKE, THE, SPEAK, CAN, BEAR, KID, TURN, CAN, TAKE, DRAW, PAN, HAVE, CAN, SINK, DOOR, SHIRT, PEAR, COLD, CAN, CAP, FAST, BLUE, DESK, CAN, CAR, DOG, CAN, FAST, KNEE, FROM, TAKE, ARM, CAN, CHAIR, SPILL, BACK, THROW, MILK, PIKE, SPEAK, CAN, BEAR, KID, LAUGH, TURN, CAN, TAKE, DRAW, PAN, HAVE, CAN, SINK, DOOR, PEAR, COLD, CAN, GONE, FAST, BLUE, DESK, CAN, CAR, DOG, FAST, KNEE, FROM, FOOT, TAKE, BACK, CAN, ARM, PLANE, CAN, COAT, WILL, HAIR, LIE, CAN, RED, LAND, CHAIR, CAN, FLOOR, PLANE, DOG, CAN, TOOK, BILL, TIE, SHOE, CAN, ROCK, TURN, POKE, NECK, SAT, CAN, PAST, FUN, CAT, FLAT, GUM, CAN, BOOT, FOR, BUN, FILL, CAN, BET, PET

Classical Conditioning O Discrimination: When we respond differently to two similar stimuli in different situations. O Generalization: when you have the same response to two stimuli that are not identical. O Extinction: the eventual disappearance of a learned or conditioned response after it is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus-response chain. O Spontaneous Recovery: the reemergence of a conditioned response which has been previously extinguished.

The Office O While watching this clip, identify the: UCS  UCR NS  No Response NS + UCS  UCR CS  CR

Instructions: 1. Tell your subject to sit and relax for 2 minutes. Time 2 minutes. 2. Take your subject’s pulse for 10 seconds, multiply by six and record this as “resting pulse.” 3. Tell your subject you are going to clap 5 times after which he/she is to get up and do jumping jacks for 30 seconds. 4. Take your subject’s pulse again and record it as Trial #1. 5. Repeat this procedure 8 times in a row, recording data after each time. 6. Have your subject sit and relax until his/her pulse returns to the initial resting pulse rate. (check pulse every minute). 7. Clap your hands five times and take your subject’s pulse (without doing jumping jacks).

Keep track! Resting Pulse Trials- 60 second pulse after jumping jacksResting Pulse

Average our results: Avg. Resting Pulse Rate (A)Avg. Trial Pulse Rate (B) Average Final (clap only) Pulse Rate (C) Group 1 Group 2 All Subject s (class average )

Write down how this showed Classical Conditioning! O Identify the process: UCS  UCR NS  No Response NS + UCS  UCR CS  CR