CLASS 9

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

COMPUTER METAPHOR Computer metaphor: thinking is simply the processing of information =

COGNITIVE REVOLUTION Extended the rigor of learning approaches Maximizes the thinking aspect

What’s in the black box ?

Here’s what: A FLOW-CHART OF PROCESSES

IMPACT changed all branches of psychology Gave psychology two Nobel prize winners

Dan Kahneman Nobel Prize 2003 Psychology of attention Former UBC prof

Herbert Simon Nobel Prize 1978 Memory Psychology of economics

OTHER EXAMPLES of IMPACT Linguistics –Chomsky –hardwired system Animal research

Social psychology (social cognition) Q: What social information do we process? A: Salient information –loud, bright, moving, unusual Q: Who is prejudiced? A: Everyone –Automatic stereotyping, then controlled inhibition Hot vs. Cold cognition –Mostly cold -- one hot e.g. is cognitive dissonance

Artificial Intelligence (AI) A unique product of cognitive revolution No subjects; no experiments AI researchers simulate human thinking with machines They write computer programs Assumption: a perfect simulation should reveal nature of human thinking

Chess Playing Programs 1997 IBM’s Deep Blue beats Kasparov

General Knowledge programs 2010 IBM’s Watson wins Jeopardy Contest

But do computers really think? Yes, if they pass The Turing Test -Alan Turing (1950) Turing Tournaments: Home Page of the Loebner Prize A Turing Test for Computer Game Bots - Technology Review

ELIZA: computer therapist Simulates Rogerian therapy Reflects and encourages more talk The first ‘chatter-bot’

Let’s try the TURING TEST on ELIZA

Better ones ? A.L.I.C.E., Mitzuku Reverse TURING: for example CAPTCHA

Critique of Artificial Intelligence Can computers ever simulate humans completely ? Cyborgs? If not, what’s missing ? Can we every program those features?

Be Very Afraid ? HAL-9000 Takes over the spaceship Space Odyssey: 2001

Should we be afraid? Deep Blue, Watson & HAL -be careful about what you program !