C HAPTER 3 3.2 Social Control. I NTERNALIZATION OF N ORMS Every society develops norms that reflect the cultural values its members consider important.

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Presentation transcript:

C HAPTER Social Control

I NTERNALIZATION OF N ORMS Every society develops norms that reflect the cultural values its members consider important For society to run smoothly these norms must be upheld Two basic ways norms are enforced: internalization and sanctions

I NTERNALIZATION OF N ORMS Internalization- process by which a norm becomes a part of the individuals personality, making the person to conform to society Traffic rules Dinner manners

S ANCTIONS Sanctions- rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity Positive Sanctions: action that rewards a particular behavior Introduce early on through the family; parents praising their children for good behavior Teachers reward students for good work, good grades Pay raises at work Cheers at athletic events

S ANCTIONS Negative sanctions: punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity Threat of punishment is sometimes enough to produce conformity Frowns, ridicule, rejection, imprisonment and death are forms of negative sanctions More important the norm, more serious the negative sanction Must be rewarded for good behavior and punished for bad behavior for positive and negative sanctions to work

S ANCTIONS Formal sanctions: reward or punishment given by a formal organization School, business, or government Negative formal: low grades, fired at work, fines, or imprisonment Positive Formal: diplomas, pay raises, promotions, awards Informal sanction: spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or a group Majority of norms enforced informally Positive informal: compliments, smiles, gifts, or pat on the back Negative informal: frowns, gossip, rebukes, insults, ridicule, ostracism-exclusion from group

S OCIAL C ONTROL Social Control: enforcing of norms through either internal or external means Principle means in all societies is self-control Learned through the internalization of norms Agents of social control Police Court system Religion Family Public opinion

S OCIAL C ONTROL Individuals must follow certain rules of behavior to function smoothly When people ignore society’s basic norms, social order is in jeopardy Society's methods for ensuring conformity breaks down, social stability is lost All societies must have an effective form of social control