1 Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument Lok Lamsal and Randall Martin with contributions.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument Lok Lamsal and Randall Martin with contributions from Martin Steinbacher, Empa Edward Celarier, SGT Inc. Eric Bucsela, NASA GSFC Edward Dunlea, CIRES Joseph Pinto, U.S. EPA

2 Nitrogen dioxide  Is a reddish-brown gas and has a sharp biting odor  Is a prominant toxic air pollutant  Current WHO guideline: 200 µg/m 3 (hourly average), 40 µg/m 3 (annual average)

3 NO x sources Surface sources: 85%

4 NO x : Impacts on public health and the environment Acid deposition Toxic products Visibility impairment Eutrophication Health effects

5 Ambient NO 2 as indicator of toxic air pollution  Strong association between between NO 2 and mortality.  NO 2 strongly correlated with other air pollutants  NO 2 can serve as an indicator of level of toxicity in air VOC PAH Brook et al., 2007 Correlation of NO 2 and PM 2.5 with certain PAH and VOC

6 Ground-based NO 2 measurements  NO 2 measuring instruments:CLNO x (molybdenum, photolytic), DOAS, LIF, TILDAS  Sparse fixed sites  Surface NO 2 shows a large gradient  Don‘t reflect personal exposure to NO 2  Satellite-derived NO 2 would be very useful  Not possible to retrieve surface NO 2 from satellite

7 Tropospheric column as a proxy for surface NO2  Tropospheric column retrieval from satellite  Strong relation between tropospheric columns and surface NO x emissions  NO 2 in the lower mixed layer makes 70-90% contribution to tropospheric column  Aim: derive ground-level NO 2 from OMI San Francisco Los AngelesPhoenix Houston Dallas Chicago Toronto

8 NO 2 from OMI  Launch 15 th July 2004 onboard EOS-Aura  OMI instrument is from the contribution from NIVR and FMI  Spectral coverage: nm  Ozone, NO 2, SO 2, HCHO, BrO, OClO, cloud and aerosol properties  Horizontal resolution ≥ 13 x 24 km 2  Daily global coverage

9 GEOS-Chem GEOS-CHEM In situ  Need of information on NO 2 profile from a 3D model  GEOS-Chem at 2x2.5, version , 12:00-14:00 local time  GEOS-Chem NO 2 profile shape consistent with in situ measurements

10 Approach to derive surface NO 2 GEOS-CHEM In situ GEOS-Chem NO 2 [ppbv] SAT

11 Sensitivity studies: Effect of model profile OMI grids GEOS-Chem grids Error < 10% in polluted areas polluted unpolluted

12 In situ NO 2 measurements: Chemiluminescent NO x analyzer Chemiluminescent NO x analyzer does not provide true NO 2 NO + O 3 → NO 2 * + O 2 NO 2 * → NO 2 + h NO mode NO x mode NO 2 → NO NO 2 = NO x - NO

13 Comparison with DOAS measurements OMI over pass time (12.00 to 14:00 local time) Interference~50% HNO 3 ~60% ∑AN~10-30% Mexico City Apr 2003 Dunlea et al. 2007

14 Comparison with photolytic analyzers Taenikon/Switzerland Jan-Dec 2000 Steinbacher et al Interference:20-60% PAN:30-50% HNO 3, particulate nitrates

15 Interference in chemiluminescent analyzers with molybdenum converter CompoundsConversion efficiencyExperiments NO, NO 2, ethyl nitrate~ 100%Winer et al., 1974 PAN92%Winer et al., 1974 HNO 3, PAN, n-propyl nitrate, n-butyl nitrate ≥98% Grosjean and Harrison, 1985 Ammonia, gas phase olefins, particulate nitrate No significant interference Dunlea et al., 2007 Difficult issue: Loss of HNO 3 on stainless steel of inlet Difficult to quantify the conversion efficiency

16 Correction of interference Bias = 40% Bias = 8% Taenikon, Switzerland

17 Correction for interference for USA and Canada

18 Comparison between OMI and in situ measurements  Selected 214 stations  201 US and 13 Canada  Collocation criteria  Radius 10 km, time = 12:00 to 14:00 local time ► Mean correlation 0.51, maximum 0.86 ► Stronger correlation in polluted areas Correlation map

19 Comparison between OMI and in situ measurements ► Uncorrected > corrected by up to a factor of 3 ►OMI and corrected in situ measurements consistent ►summer minima ►OMI<corrected in situ measurements DJF MAM JJA SON

20 Comparison between OMI and in situ measurements J F M A M J J A S O N D

21 Comparison between OMI and in situ measurements according to land type  Urban, suburban, rural  Mean bias -21 to -48%  Underestimation of tropospheric column by OMI  Seasonal bias in OMI retrievals

22 Seasonal bias in OMI retrievals 33%-20%-58%-15% DJF MAM JJA SON

23 Conclusions  We derived ground-level NO 2 from OMI using information from the GEOS-Chem model.  OMI-derived surface NO 2 is robust to model profile in polluted areas.  In situ measurements have significant interference from PAN, alkyl nitrates, and HNO 3  Following laboratory studies and field measurements, we developed a correction algorithm to the in situ measurements.  We compared OMI-derived surface NO 2 with the corrected in situ measurements from US and Canadian stations to validate our approach  OMI derived surface NO 2 agrees to 21 to 48% with the corrected in situ measurements. The remaining discrepancy is associated with the OMI retrievals. Submitted to JGR atmospheres