中国城市高收入群体调查初探 Investigation on High Income Groups in Urban China 李强 房莉杰 Li Qiang Fang Lijie 清华大学 Tsinghua University

Summary 怎样调查城市高收入群体 How to Measure High Income Groups in Urban China 谁是城市高收入群体 Who Are the High Income People in Urban China 城市高收入群体的年龄、教育和社会来源 The Age, Education, and Social Origin of High Income Group 城市高收入群体与住房 Real Estate of High Income Groups

How to Measure High Income Group in Urban China 上世纪 90 年代中期以前，城市入户调查相对容易。 It’s not very hard to do household survey in urban China before mid of 1990s. 90 年代中期以后，通过传统的入户方式对高收入群 体调查已经成为极其困难的事情。 Traditional household survey has become very difficult for high income groups after mid of 1990s.

How to Measure High Income Group in Urban China 其它调查方法的尝试： Attempt of Alternative Methods: 1 ）在高收入群体活动的聚居地进行调查 Investigating high income groups in places where they often appear 2 ）通过熟人网络接触高收入群体 Approaching high income people through networks of acquaintance

Who Are the High Income People in Urban China 根据国家统计局 2006 年全国城市居民家庭的抽样调查数据： According to the data from National Stat. Bureau of 2006: 1 ）收入最高十分之一家庭的户均年收入 91,266 元，人均年收入 34,834 元。 The average household income of the highest 10% group is 91,266RMB or 34,834RMB for per capita. 2 ）收入最高二十分之一家庭的户均年收入 134,528 元，人均年收入 41,140 元。最高组是最低组的 13.6 倍。 The average household income of the highest 5% group is 134,528RMB or 41,140RMB for per capita. The per capita income of the highest group is 13.6 times as high as the lowest one.

Who Are the High Income People in Urban China 根据 2005 年修订后的《个人所得税法》：年收入 12 万元以上作 为标准 The “Individual Tax Law” of 2005 advanced a standard set for those whose annual incomes have exceeded 120,000 RMB 年全国共申报纳税者 1,628,706 人，人均年收入 31 万元 According to this standard, there are 1,628,706 people declared individual income tax with per capita annual incomes reaching 310,000 RMB. 问题：以工薪阶层为主（老板呢？） Q: Most of them are employees, where are the bosses?

Who Are the High Income People in Urban China 根据笔者的小样本调查： According to the small scale sampled survey A comparison of annual incomes of five categories of groups with different occupations(%) Income group classification Private entrepre neurs High-ranking managerial personnel Middle level managerial personnel Professional technical personnel Ordinary employees Below 50,000Yuan Between 50,000 and 80,000 Yuan Between 80,000 and 100,000 Yuan Between 100,000 and 150,000 Yuan Above 150,000 Yuan Total (Number ）

The Age, Education, and Social Origin of High Income Group Age ： A comparison of the annual incomes of five categories of groups with different occupations divided according to their ages(%) Age groupPrivate entrepreneurs High-ranking managerial personnel Middle level managerial personnel Professional technical personnel Ordinary employees 30 years old or below Between 31 and Between 41 and Between 51 and or above Total percentage100.0 Total Number

The Age, Education, and Social Origin of High Income Group Education Background ： A comparison of the annual incomes of five categories of groups with different occupations divided according to their educational background(%) Received education Private entrepreneurs High-ranking Managerial personnel Middle level managerial personnel Professional technical personnel Ordinary employees Junior middle school Senior high school/ vocational high school, or technical school Junior vocational school Junior college / regular college undergraduates Postgraduate or above Total percentage100.0 Total Number

The Age, Education, and Social Origin of High Income Group 社会来源： Social Origin ： 私营企业主大部分以前从事管理、干部和专业技术工作 Most of the private entrepreneurs had once worked as managerial personnel, cadres, or professional technical personnel.

Real Estate of High Income Group Residential dwellings owned by the five category groups with different occupations The number of dwellings your family possess Private entrepreneurs High-ranking managerial personnel Middle level managerial personnel Professional technical personnel Ordinary employees One Two Three Four Five Six Eight2.3 Ten4.7 Total percentage100.0 Total Number