Green Architecture Industrial age: harnessing steam using coal, then later, oil. Combustion engine and turbine followed. 19 th c. produced iron & steel in large quantities could be used in building 20 th c. industrial methods for making sheet glass, fluorescent lamps, and air conditioning made possible large buildings sealed off from the natural environment

Going Green Like other benefits of industrialization, these buildings cost the environment Can we create a healthier & less wasteful human habitat? This is the heart of green architecture Preserving & updating existing structures is one of the basic practices- it is not always necessary to build new

Green on a Larger Scale Four Times Square Largest building in US to establish standards for energy conservation, indoor air quality, recycling systems, and sustainable manufacturing processes Contractors required to recycle waste- 65 percent was reclaimed Steel structure at top stabilizes building so less steel needed in building overall

Greenness Exterior glass is advanced type that admits maximum daylight, blocks solar hear, minimizes heat loss during winter Inside- biodegradable, renewable, nontoxic materials with sustainable harvested wood Energy-efficient lighting, low-use water systems Gray water is recycled Natural gas pro9cues hot/cold water (not chlorofluorocarbons harmful to ozone layer) Fresh air taken in at higher elevations

Energy Conservation Produces much of its own energy Voltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity Power comes from 2 fuel cells set on exterior, that use natural gas The two cells provide 60 percent of night time electricity needs Gas is nonrenewable buy cleaner than coal or oil & these cells are the cleanest & most efficient

Cultural Response Architects respond to the local landscape, climate, culture, building traditions rather than impose Western styles Why should architecture look the same everywhere? Jean Marie Tjibaou was a leader of the Kanak people, center dedicated to preserving & transmitting this culture

Cultural Connection Piano researched, working with local anthropologist and Kanak advisors Goal was to blend current building technologies with Kanak traditions Kanak dwellings have vertical staves that meet at the top, and weave horizontal elements in & out as in basketry Center consists of 10 of these pavilions linked by walkway that resembles a Kanak village Basket-like structures ventilate rooms, lit by daylight Wood & bamboo construction is endlessly renewable

Paper as a Building Material Shigeru Ban Japan Pavilion constructed from paper: easily & inexpensively manufactured, available almost everywhere, completely recyclable Goal: to create temporary structure that could be entirely recycled or reused Inner framework of weatherproofed paper tubes lashed together with tape Exterior paper membrane stretched over lightweight wooden arches that allow daylight Foundation is steel-reinforced boxes of sand