THE FUNGUS AMONG US KINGDOM FUNGI. More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms –Club: Typical shape of “mushroom,” with spores on gills.

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Presentation transcript:

THE FUNGUS AMONG US KINGDOM FUNGI

More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms –Club: Typical shape of “mushroom,” with spores on gills

More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms –Club –Cup: Spores are in cup instead of gills

More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms Molds –Often found on food and decaying plant material

More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms Molds Yeasts –Unicellular fungi, reproduces by budding

More than just Mushrooms… Mushrooms Molds Yeast Lichens –Grow on rocks and wood, a combination of a fungus and cyanobacteria

CAPSCALES RING (ANNULUS) GILLS CUP (VOLVA) STALK (STIPE) MYCELLIUM (HYPHAE)

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION STRUCTUREFUNCTION CapCovers and protects the gills GillsContains hyphae that produce spores Stalk or StipeSupports the Cap SporeCell that develops into a new organism HyphaeThreadlike structure built of fungal cells MycelliumBody of fungus (except spores) made of tangled hyphae

ROLES OF FUNGI: Decomposition –Organic material is recycled by bacteria and fungi. It is broken down into its original components like Carbon and Nitrogen

ROLES OF FUNGI: Decomposition –Example: Pilobolus fungi decomposes dung of grazing animals. Unique for its ability to “aim” at the light and “shoot” its spore packet so it will land on grass and be eaten by another grazing animal. The entire life cycle is then repeated

Pilobolus

ROLES OF FUNGI: Symbiosis Mycorrhizal Fungi: Symbiotic fungi that live in or around roots of plants. They get food (sugar) from the plant in exchange for water and nutrients It is estimated that 99.9% of all plants have a fungal partner

Mycorrhizal Fungi

Benefits of a Fungal Partner

ROLES OF FUNGI: Pathogens Some fungi are parasitic, causing damage or death to plants, animals, and even other fungi Can cause severe damage to many crop plants including corn, wheat, potatoes, and fruits

Harmful Fungi

ROLES OF FUNGI: Medicines –Penicillin: Alexander Fleming discovered that mold could kill bacteria in During WWII (1940’s) the drug we know today was developed

ROLES OF FUNGI: Food –Several Mushrooms are used in our food –Specialty Cheeses like Blue Cheese, Brie, etc. –Bread, Beer, and Wine are made with yeast