© 2007 Ideal Industries 1 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment NFPA 70E and Test Equipment UL

© 2007 Ideal Industries 2 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment NFPA 70E and The Use of Test Equipment General Safety Training and Requirements Using Test Equipment, Relationship of NFPA 70E and IEC, UL 61010B-1 Insulated Tool Lock-0ut Tag-Out

© 2007 Ideal Industries 3 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Meters and Safety in the workplace Article 110: (A) Training Shall apply to employees who face risk of electrical hazards –Persons shall be trained in safety related work practices and procedures –A person should be able to identify and understand the relationship between the electrical hazards and possible energy. 110 Qualified Personal (D)(1)( C) Proper Skills and Cognitive abilities to know the hazards and use proper Personal Protective Equipment.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 4 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Why? Two electricians are severely burned — one fatally — while testing for voltage in a motor starter. One held the multimeter while the other applied the meter's probes to energized terminals. One electrician's movement caused one test lead banana plug (energized from the circuit under test) to pull loose from the multimeter jack. –The plug made contact with the starter's grounded metal enclosure and initiated a high-energy arc.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 5 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Meters and Safety in the workplace (D) (1) (a) Persons shall be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques –Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) Arc Flash, insulating and shielding materials Insulated tools Test equipment

© 2007 Ideal Industries 6 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Meters and Safety in the workplace An employer shall implement an overall electrical safety program that directs the activities of employees when exposed to electrical hazards or risk. –( E) Electrical safety program shall identify the procedure for working on or near live parts >50 Volts –(F) A procedure for evaluating hazard and risk associated with work on or near live parts operating above 50 volts, where an electrical hazard exists, before work can be started. The decision to work on energized circuits should be in accordance with guidelines as specified in Article (A)

© 2007 Ideal Industries 7 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Ratings for Test Equipment (1)Test instrumentation, equipment and associated accessories must be rated for the circuits and equipment to which they will be connected. –IEC or UL Category ratings –Test equipment must be selected based on the intended use and expected voltage or current ratings. –Cost should not be a part of the equation.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 8 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Ratings for Test Equipment International Electro-technical Commission or IEC –IEC requires an instrument provide protection against “over-voltage impulse transients” - voltage spikes. –Electric Shock or burns –Mechanical hazards –IEC is the basis for: ANSI/ISA-S (US) CAN C22.2 No (CAN) EN :1993 (EUR) UL-61010B B-1 incorporates features of the IEC standard, but this standard has improved safety benefits over the old UL384 and UL1244 standard

© 2007 Ideal Industries 9 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Ratings for Test Equipment High Voltage transients come from lightning, large inductive loads being switched on and off, or capacitive discharge –If a lighting strike was to hit your electrical service a certain amount of energy or impulse would travel and be dissipated by the electrical service. –The closer to the source of the impulse the Higher available fault current.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 10 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Impulse Fault –The closer to the source of the impulse the Higher available fault current. –If an instrument was to be hit by an impulse and a fault condition was to occur the Available energy “Fuels” the Fault. –Lets use the example of water or water pressure. –The larger the pipe the Greater the potential –The closer to the supply the Greater the potential Fireman with a 4 inch hose Faucet with ½ inch supply line

© 2007 Ideal Industries 11 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Ratings for Test Equipment Rating on input protection on Test instruments and Equipment are in order of potential available energy. The closer you are to the source the Higher the Category rating of the equipment IEC breaks energy rating down to four Categories: –CAT IV Origin of installation, –CAT III Distribution Level, –CAT II Local level, –CAT I Signal Level,

© 2007 Ideal Industries 12 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Ratings for Test Equipment CAT III-600V or CAT II-1000V? The greater the source impedance, the lower the Category: CAT III-600V: –6 kV impulse –2 Ohm test source CAT II-1000V: –6 kV impulse –12 Ohm test source A CAT III-600V 6kV test impulse has 6 times the current of a CAT II-1000V 6kV test impulse! Voltage rating by itself can be misleading. –CAT III-1000V (8kV transient) is safer than CAT III-600V (6kV transient) –But CAT III-600V is safer than CAT II-1000V What “Voltage” In the Rating Really means

© 2007 Ideal Industries 13 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Certified Devices and Equipment Pay close attention to the safety rating on the equipment. –Never use equipment that is not properly rated [110.9 (1)] Look for tools that are Certificated by an independent lab, –UL, IEC, CSA. Never use accessories that are not recommended or rated for your tester or environment. IEC Cat ratings The New UL 61010B-1 standard incorporates features of the IEC standard. This standard has improved safety benefits over the old UL 1244 standard

© 2007 Ideal Industries 14 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Basics of DMM Basics of DMM Safety –Covers Safety standards, –Most Common Mistakes made –Visual Inspection of Tester and Accessories Basics of Meters –Basic understanding of How a meter work Range and Resolution Symbolic and Numerical Values Proper usage Advance Meter Training.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 15 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Basics of Ground Basics of Insulation Basics Grounding Measurements –Safety first –Fall of Potential –Slope –New Technology, Clamp on Ground Testers. Basics of Insulation –Safety First –Proper testing

© 2007 Ideal Industries 16 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Example, Visual Inspection (3) Visually Inspect Equipment and all associated accessories for defect and damage. –If an instrument or equipment show any signs of damage it most be removed from service. –Equipment may not be returned to service until it is properly repaired or replaced.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 17 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Example, Visual Inspection (3) Visually Inspect Equipment and all associated accessories for defect and damage. Check for any contaminate on the test leads, tester case, holsters, and accessories. Never use testers that has signs of cracked case, contaminants, loose or defective components. –Most defects are the result of normal wear around input connectors or terminals, function switches and controls. – Operational defects may not be so easily detected through a visual inspections. Low Batteries, Defective leads, fuses and etc.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 18 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Example, Visually Inspection Visually inspect Test Leads –An easy test for testing leads is to use the meter’s ohms function. –Short the leads and move the wire around the input connectors and lead grips. –If the meter reads 0.5 ohms leads may need to be replace. Some users are now using Fused lead. You may only need to change a fuse. –Check for the following. Insulation not damaged: melted or discolored, cut, cracked, or stretched Connectors: no insulation pulled away from end connectors Probe tips: arc burns, loose or broken

© 2007 Ideal Industries 19 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Common Mistakes Made Parallel voltage measurement with leads in the current inputs. What will happen and why! Switch in the wrong function OHMS or Capacitance and meter is attached to >50 voltage –Most meters are protected but did the user understand why the erratic readings. Does the user understand the symbolic or nomenclatures in the display. Can he use all and understand the features and function of the instruments. Ideal series give a probe error message and High audible warning if this mistake to done. Ideal series will give you a Hi-V indicator and audible warning if you make this Mistake

© 2007 Ideal Industries 20 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Safe Condition does not exist An electrical safe condition does not exist until the following conditions are met. –All possible sources are Identified –Isolate loads, open disconnect devices for each load –If possible, visually verify disconnect devices –Apply lockout/Tag-out devices in accordance to documented procedures or practices – Use properly rated Voltage Detection device to test Phase conductor or parts. Measure both phase to phase and phase to ground. Use the three point measurement method –Measure a know source first, the unknown, then back to the known

© 2007 Ideal Industries 21 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Safe Condition does not exist (cont.) An electrical safe condition does not exist until the following conditions are met. –When there is a possibility of inducted or stored energy present ground the phase conductors When it could be possible that a de-energized circuit come in contact with a energized circuit use grounding connection devices rated for the possible available fault. Refer to for an approved grounding connector.. –Induced (Ghost) Voltage conditions are cause by inductive ( or Capacitive) voltage into conductors in close proximity to other conductors.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 22 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Safe Condition does not exist. Induced Voltage conditions can be tricky to detect. The input impedance of most Digital Multimeters are in the range of 10 Meg- Ohm This impedance is not sufficient to dissipate induced or what is sometimes call Ghost voltage. Low impedance testers or solenoid testers are very useful when testing were induced energy may be a problem.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 23 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Lockout/Tag-out Establishes the requirement for the implementation for Lockout/Tag-out procedures –This is to ensure that when hazardous energy is removed that there is a controlled process that insures this state. –That there is a method to verify the absence of voltage using and approved voltage testing device. –The employer shall provide training as required to ensure employees understand all aspects of the Lockout/Tag-out procedures (E)(2) Employer must provide the necessary equipment to implement the requirements of lockout/tag out procedure.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 24 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Lockout/Tag-out 120.2(F) The employer must implement lockout/tag-out procedures for the company in accordance with and including elements and requirements as defined in article 120. –Many world class companies already have LO/TO programs in place –IDEAL conducts review Lock-out/Tag out seminars at distributors and at end user sites. –Training instruction material is also available if the end user wants adapt to current safety programs already in existence.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 25 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Testing 120.2(F)(2)(f) Testing procedures shall establish the following. –The testing device Who will use the testing device –The boundary of the safe zone established by the Lockout/tag-out –Requirements for testing a conductor before it is touched – Retesting if conditions change or job location has been left unattended.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 26 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Approach Boundaries to Live parts 130.2(A) Shock hazards analysis shall determine level personnel are exposed to hazards, and assess boundary Limits and requirements for PPE. –Defined to four different approach boundaries. Limited Boundary Restricted Boundary Prohibited Boundary Flash protection Boundary –Approach boundaries are defended in Table ( C)

© 2007 Ideal Industries 27 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Approach Boundaries to Live parts Test instrument and equipment use. Only Qualified Person shall perform testing work on or near live parts operating at >50 volts [110 6.(D) (1) (c )] Each person should be training to understand how to use specified test instruments and equipment

© 2007 Ideal Industries 28 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Personal and other Protective Equipment (A) Personal and Other Protective Equipment –Employee working in areas where there are electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, protective equipment that is designed and constructed for the specific part of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. Ideal offers Training programs on many of its tools and other testers –Cut, Strip Terminate and Test with Data communications products. –Hand tool Hand Books

© 2007 Ideal Industries 29 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Insulated Tool and Equipment 130.7(D)(1) Insulated Tools and Equipment. Employees shall use insulated tools and/or handling equipment when working inside the limited approach boundary of live parts where tools or handling equipment might make accidental contact. Insulated tools shall be protected from damage to the insulating material.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 30 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment OSHA Qualified Workers § CFR Ch. XVII ( Edition) (g) Use of Equipment. (1) Work on energized equipment. Only qualified persons may work on electrical circuit parts or equipment that have not been de-energized under the procedures or paragraph (b) of this section. Such persons shall be capable of working safely on energized circuits and shall be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools. (OSHA Standard)

© 2007 Ideal Industries 31 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment OSHA Protection Safeguards § Safeguards for personal protection: (a) Use of protective equipment.(1) Personal protective equipment.(i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 32 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Interpreting OSHA Official Interpretation From OSHA Officials: Insulated hand tools (which conform to IEC 900 and ASTM F1505 standards) rated for the voltage involved would be considered insulation of the person from the energized part on which work is being performed. Generally, those tools which have a max. rated voltage of 1,000 volts for AC applications and 1,500 volts for DC applications would be suitable for work covered under the provisions of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 33 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment How Do You Know? Look For the Signs –Double Triangle (IEC, EN, & ASTM) –“1000V” (all standards) –UL, VDE, Gs European mark that provides proof that an independent testing house has tested and certified that a product meets a safety standard (like DIN or IEC). VDE tests to GS automatically –Permanent marking

© 2007 Ideal Industries 34 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Maintenance Maintenance requirements for personal safety and protective equipment as listed must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations or listing Inspection and testing of protection equipment and protections tools –Visual inspection for damage or defects before use and intervals as required, but not to exceed 1 year. –Shall be verified by appropriate testing, at acceptable interval, to acceptable standards or practices, to insure proper operation.

© 2007 Ideal Industries 35 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment When Safety Matters, Choose IDEAL Meets all applicable standards & regulations –Tools and Testers are UL Classified –Tools and Lock-out Tag-out Meets OSHA and other Requirements –Tools and Meters Complies with IEC UL and etc. –, ASTM, VDE, etc.with tools Consistent Professional Quality Sales support & Customer Service Lifetime Guarantee

© 2007 Ideal Industries 36 of 36 NFPA 70e and Test Equipment Thank you You may want to refer to the Following NFPA 70E 2004, Handbook for electrical safety in the workplace. ANSI C IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages IEC UL B Case histories come from an IEEE paper entitled “Personnel Safety and Plant Reliability Considerations in the Selection and Use of Voltage Test Instruments,” ( IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 33, No. 2, March/April 1997),written by H. Landis Floyd II and Brian J. Nenninger. Ideal Industries, Inc Test and Measurement Division 1 Becker Place Sycamore, Il (800)