Anglo-Scottish Relationships Domestic Economy, 1690s Legislative War, 1701-1705.

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Presentation transcript:

Anglo-Scottish Relationships Domestic Economy, 1690s Legislative War,

FRIDAY 18 TH HIGHER: To what extent was Prussian economic strength the most significant reason for German unification in 1871? INT 2: Explain why there was a Scottish succession crisis in (8) MONDAY 21 ST HIGHER: Timed Germany essay – Hitler maintaining power. INT 2: Wallace & Bruce test.

NOTE William III dies in 1702 Queen Anne succeeds,

‘Sinking Nation’ ProblemResults 1. ‘Little Ice Age’Famine 2. PovertyAround 200,000 beggars. Estimated 2000 sold to Slavery. 3. Last witch hunt (Renfrewshire)6 strangled and burned. 4. Scottish trade in declineShortage of coined money – no access to gold or silver. 5. King William’s Nine Years WarHigher taxes 6. Wealthier Scots buying expensive goods e.g. paintings & clocks. Debt & Bankruptcy of wealthier Scots. Around 1/4 of landed estates sold between 1660 & Clan Chiefs adopted expensive lifestyles e.g. gambling. Clan Chiefs away from their clan homeland.

Debate: Sinking Nation? Traditional view challenged by modern historians who suggest that: Economy had weaknesses Weaknesses not due to Darien failure or famine. There was economic development. Scotland’s involvement in international trade was very important.

Legislative War, BACKGROUND King Carlos of Spain died in Throne left to Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France. September, 1701: James VII died. Louis XIV recognises him as rightful king of England. James VIII known as Old Pretender. = England didn’t want France to dominate Europe and so entered the War of Spanish Succession ( ). *TAKE NOTE OF WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION*

British Succession English worried that when William died, the Scots would invade England with the help of France – whilst the English fought abroad. So, they needed the Scots to agree to England’s choices for succession. English Act of Settlement, 1701 decided the future of British succession.

English Act of Settlement, 1701 English assumed the Scots would agree to their choice of succession but didn’t bother to ask! Future of succession went to the House of Hanover from Germany.

Scottish Act of Security, 1703 The Scots reserved the right to appoint their own monarch if they didn’t like the English choice! Before agreeing to the succession, the Scots wanted free trade with England & her American colonies. The Scottish Parliament refused to give English grant of money for war against France. 1 st time refusal.

Scottish Wine Act, 1703 Introduced by government supporters in Scottish Parliament. Allowed foreign wine to be imported into Scotland (incl. French) during the War of Spanish Succession. Introduced to encourage Scottish support.

Scottish Act Anent Peace & War, 1703 Scottish Parliament would not automatically help England fight her foreign wars. English angry – lack of support & lack of funding. Queen Anne needed Scotland’s money to fight abroad. REMEMBER: In 1701, England entered War of Spanish Succession without consent of Scottish Parliament. This is Scotland’s revenge!

Important Personality James Douglas, 2 nd Duke of Queensberry Lost position as Anne’s top govt. minister in Scotland because of events of Why? He ‘allowed’ the parliament to pass the Act of Security. ‘The Scotch Plot/Queensberry Plot’: He accused opponents in parliament of involvement in a Jacobite plot. Demonstrated to Anne that the Scottish Parliament was difficult to control because of the clear divide within.

Scottish Wool Act, 1704 Earl of Tweedale (Queensberry’s replacement) couldn’t stop S. Parliament from passing this. Anne only signed because she needed Scottish money for war. Scotland would continue to trade in wool with its European partners, including during periods of war between these countries and England. Prof. Tom Devine suggests this was “openly hostile to English trading interests.”

Wine Act, 1703 Allows wine imports from Spain and France during wartime.

Captain Green (English) Affair His ship, the Worcester, was seized at Leith Revenge for the English East India Company seizing a Company of Scotland ship. Captain Green & two crew were charged with Piracy (UNTRUE). They were hung on Leith Sands, 11 th April 1705 Queen Anne angry!

English Alien Act, 1705 Treat all Scots like foreigners in England. Key Scottish trade with England; cattle, linen coal and sheep would be banned unless negotiations for FULL union started by 25 th December, English victory over French at Blenheim allowed Anne to react against Scots.

English Alien Act, 1705 Prof. Macinnes refers to diary of Danish Ambassador to Anne. Shows: Anne wished to preserve royal prerogative (power) for her successors. Anne was sick of the Scottish Parliament challenging her rights as Queen and of the different groups within trying to gain power (e.g. Queensberry Plot).

ACTIVITY 1.Match the statement/question to the description. 2.Use recall and textbook to provide developments for each of the acts. These are VERY important and MUST be memorised!!